看完攻略：英语阅读理解主旨大意题轻松搞定！
推断语篇的主旨大意是高考英语试卷中测试考生阅读能力常出现的考点，也是考生感到最为棘手的试题。主旨大意题要求考生对篇章具有很强的把握能力和分析能力，笔者从以下三个方面来综合分析阅读理解主旨大意题。一、题型特点和命题方式
1.从考查的对象看，主旨大意题考查：
(1) 篇章主旨大意。该类题针对整个语篇的主题设问，主题句多出现在文章首段，其次是末段或为几段主题的综合。
(2) 段落主旨大意。该类题针对某段或某几段的主题设问。主题句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能需要从上下文中寻找或总结。
2.从考查的内容看，主旨大意题可分为主题类，即考查文章或段落的主旨大意和标题类，即考查文章最佳标题的选择。
主旨大意题常用main idea, main point, key point, main topic, mainly discuss, mainly explain, is mainly about,best title等词语来表达。
二、常见的设问方式
标题类
(1)Which might be the best title for the passage?
(2)Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
(3)Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage?
(4)Which of the following titles best sums up the whole passage?
中心类
(1)What does the text mainly talk about?
(2)The main idea/key point of this passage is that
(3)Whats the main idea/subject/topic of the passage?
(4)Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?
段意类
(1)What is the main idea of Paragraph 1/the last paragraph?
(2)What does the author mainly want to tell us in the last paragraph?
(3)Which of the following can best summarize Paragraph 4?
(4)What does the writer try to express in Paragraph 1?
三、解题思路和应试技巧
做主旨大意题应该从话题、主题段、主题句、语篇结构等方面入手，从全局的角度梳理文章脉络，并进行归纳概括。
(一)总结语篇话题
高考英语试卷所选的每一篇文章都有一个具体的话题。语篇中最明显的特点是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫主题词。抓住了它，就抓住了文章的中心。
【典例1】One of my first memories as a child in the 1950s was a discussion I had with my brother in our tiny bedroom in the family house in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.
We had heard in school about a planet called Pluto. It was the farthest, coldest, and darkest thing a child could imagine Pluto, which famously was downgraded from a "major planet" to a "dwarf planet" (矮行星) in 2006， captured our imagination because it was a mystery that could complete our picture of what it was like at the most remote corners of our solar system.
Plutos underdog discovery story is part of what makes it so attractive…
Pluto is much more than something that is not a planet. Its a reminder that there are many worlds out there beyond our own and that the sky isnt the limit at all. We dont know what kinds of fantastic variations on a theme nature is capable of making until we get there to look.
6.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Plutos Romance
B. Pluto was First Discovered by a Boy
C. An American Scientist: Clyde Tombaugh
D.The Days I Spent with My Brother in Pennsylvania
【分析】A 考查标题判断。根据文章的整体内容并结合文中反复出现的中心词"Pluto"可推知，本文主要介绍了冥王星被发现的过程以及对人类的意义，故"冥王星的传奇故事"适合作文章的标题。
(二)找语篇主题段
很多语篇都有一个具体的主题，该主题常暗含于主题段中。分析、把握好主题段有利于解答主旨大意题。主题段一般位于篇首，有时是第二段，有时是第三段。对主题段的考查多是主旨大意题。
【典例2】Chinas admiration of outstanding scholars has turned the well|preserved childhood home of Tu Youyou, the Chinese pharmacologist(药理学家) who won Nobel Prize in Physiology(生理学) or Medicine, into a popular tourist destination.
31.What is the main idea of the text?
A. Tu Youyous former home is for sale.
B. More Chinese have won the Nobel Prize.
C. Nobel Prize winners home becomes an instant attraction.
D. Children benefit from visiting Nobel Prize winners home.
【分析】C考查主旨大意。文章第一段开篇点题，由此可推知，本文主要讲的是诺贝尔奖获得者的故居备受人们追捧，成为新的旅游景点。
(三)找段落主题句
很多语篇的段落都有主题句，后面以支撑句加以详细叙述、说明或论证。解答该类题的关键就在于把握段落的主题句。
(1)主题句位于段首
【典例3】For those who make journeys across the world, the speed of travel today has turned the countries into a series of villages.Distances between them appear no greater to a modern traveler than those which once faced men as they walked from village to village. Jet planes fly people from one end of the earth to the other, allowing them a freedom of movement undreamt of a hundred years ago.
23.What does the writer try to express in Paragraph 1?
A.Travel by plane has speeded up the growth of villages.
B.The speed of modern travel has made distances relatively short.
C.The freedom of movement has helped people realize their dreams.
D.Man has been fond of travelling rather than staying in one place.
【分析】B 考查段落大意。该段第一句为主题句，与B项内容相符，第二、三句为支撑句，论证主题句"现代旅游的速度缩短了国与国之间的距离"。
(2)主题句位于段中
【典例4】All over the world, researchers are racing against the clock to figure out how best to feed more people in a fastchanging world. And some surprising ideas have begun to come up. Two years ago, scientists introduced the first burger made from meat grown in a lab. The project cost more than $300,000, but its a start. Other researchers are developing seeds that can survive high temperatures and drought. Still others are finding ways to improve the genes of meat animals so they produce more meat and can stand the heat.
30.What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 4?
A. New ways of farming.
B. Some great researchers.
C. Progress in food research.
D. Achievements in lab experiments.
【分析】C 考查段落大意。根据第四段的第二句"And some surprising ideas have begun to come up "并结合本段的整体内容可推知，本段主要讲述的是食物研究方面的进步。
(3)主题句位于段末
【典例5】Some fish seem to be capable of adapting rapidly to climate change. In fact, they might even boom in the warmer oceans of the future, growing bigger and healthier than they can at presentday temperatures. Evidence gathered over the past decade has suggested that climate change will force fish to migrate to cooler waters, or else face extinction. Signs of such migration have already been seen. But recent studies have shown that some fish are able to adapt to warmer waters over a few generations.
32.The main idea of the first paragraph is that
A. some fish can adjust to warmer waters
B. some fish can grow bigger at present day temperatures
C. some fish may die out in cooler waters
D. big fish can survive the temperature change
【分析】A 考查段落大意。根据文章第一段的最后一句"But recent studies have shown that some fish are able to adapt to warmer waters over a few generations"可知，最近的研究表明一些鱼将来会适应更温暖的水域,故选A。
(四)分析语篇结构
高考英语试卷中的语篇结构严谨，不同体裁、不同写作意图的语篇结构迥异。根据语篇结构可了解叙述的过程、说明的用途、议论的主题等，从而正确地确定标题及语篇大意。
页:
[1]