2011暑假必备宝典之高一英语知识点总结Unit5-6
高一英语各单元知识点总结及重难点解析Unit5-6
☆重点句型☆
1. While still a student, she played roles in many plays.
连词 + 名词做时间状语
2. When asked about the secret of his success, Steven Spielberg said… 连词+过去分词做时间状语
3. When drinking to someone's health, you raise your glasses. 连词 + 现在分词做时间状语
4. It's a custom in China to have some tea before the meal is served. It 做形式主语
5. Many people like this film not just because..., but also
because... 并列连词
6. Having good table manners means knowing...
动名词做主宾语
☆重点词汇☆
1. comment v. 评论
2. marry v. 结婚
3. create v. 创造
4. attack v. 进攻
5. cruelty n. 残酷
6. escape v. 逃跑
7. advice n. 忠告；建议
8. afford v. 花得起(钱、时间)
9. encourage v. 鼓励
10. research n. 研究
11. interrupt v. 打断；打扰
12. apologize v. 道歉
13. pray v. 请求；祈祷
14. forgive v. 原谅；宽恕
15. match v. 相配；相适应
16. manners n. 礼貌
17. impression n. 印象
18. live adj. & adv. 活的；直播的(地)
19. custom n. 习惯；风俗
20. introduce vt. 介绍；引进
☆重点短语☆
1. take off 脱掉；起飞；成功
2. go wrong 出错；出问题
3. can't help doing 情不自禁做某事
4. take one's place 代替某人
5. run after 追逐；追踪
6. win a prize 获奖
7. think highly of 赞扬……；对……高度评价
8. call for 需要；索取
9. in all 总共
10. play a role 扮演角色(作用)
11. make money 挣钱
12. win over 争取过来
13. work on 从事，致力于
14. owe success to 把成功归功于某人
15. start with 以……开始
16. run away from school逃学
17. on the air 正在播出的
18. do research 进行调查
19. speed up 加速
20. follow the fashion 追随时尚
☆短语闯关☆
下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据
汉语在横线上填入一个正确的词，每个词4分，80分才
能过关。你一定能过关，做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我
们就开始吧?
l. ____ screen 银幕，电影(业)
2. take ____ 成功；成名；脱掉(衣服)；(飞机)起飞
3. ____ wrong 走错路；误入歧途；不对头；出毛病
4. owe sth ____ sb 把……归功于某人
5. ____ all 总共；总之
6. stay ____ 不在家，外出
7. ____ school 小学
8. lock sb ____ 将某人锁于某处不得进出；将某人监禁起来
9. run ____追赶
10. bring sb ____ 送回某人
11. ____ the air正在播出的
12. think highly ____ 对……高度评价
13. leave ____ 省去；遗漏；不考虑
14. stare ____ 盯着
15. make ____ about sb 以某人为笑柄
16. drink (a toast) ____ 为……祝酒；为……干杯
17. win ____ 战胜
18. ____ comments on对……加以评论
19. look sb ____ 看望，拜访某人
20. ____ a role in 在……中扮演角色；在……方面起作用
21. ____ a prize获奖
22. to sb for (doing) sth因某事向某人道歉
23. make a good impression ____ 给……留下好印象
24. ____ silent 保持沉默
25. pay a visit ____ 拜访
☆交际用语☆
1. What do you think has happened?
2. What do you know about…?
3. How do you like…? / What do you think of…? / What db you feel...?
4. May I interrupt you for a moment?
5. Excuse me / Forgive me for... / I apologize for…
6. I'm (very / so / terribly) sorry. It's all my fault.
7. That's all right. / That's OK. / No problem.
8. I wish you all the best.
9. I'm sorry. I didn't mean to...
10. Let's drink (a toast) to...!
☆单词聚焦☆
1. afford
(1) (和can，could，be able to连用) 有 (时间、经济等)条件(做某事) + to do
We can't afford to pay such a price.
afford + n. / pron. (出得起；买得起等)
They donot consider whether they can afford it or not.
(2) 经得起 (做某事或发生某事) (多+to do)
He could not afford to lose his fortune entirely.
2. apologize的用法
▲ 构词：apology n. 辩解，道歉
▲ 搭配：
① apologize to sb for (doing) sth = make an apology的 sb for (doing) sth向某人为某事(为做了某事)道歉
② apologize for oneself 为自己辩解或辩护
【考例】The captain ____ an apology to the passengers for the delay caused by bad weather.
A. made B. said C. put D. passed
[考查目标] apologize及其名词的用法和搭配。
[答案与解析]A make an apology的意思是“道歉”。
3. choice的用法
▲搭配：
① make a choice 选择
② make choice of 挑选，选择，选定
③ make / take one's choice 任意挑选
④ have no choice but to do sth 非……不可，除……之外别无他法
【考例】 We've missed the last bus, I'm afraid we have no ____ but to take a taxi.
A. way B. choiceC. possibility D. selection
[考查目标] choice的意思和习惯搭配。
[答案与解析]Bchoice是choose的名词形式．意思是
“选择”，在本句中构成固定搭配have no choice but to
do sth“不得不干……”。
4. determine的用法
▲ 构词：determination n. 决心，决断，决意；决定，确定
▲ 搭配：
① determine to do sth 决定做某事
② determine on / upon (doing) sth 决定
③ a man of determination 有决断力的人
▲ 辨析：decide；determine这两个词都有“决定”的意思。decide的含义是“不再迟疑不定”，而
determine含义是“把某件事确定下来”。
在be determined to do…这个固定的结构中。过去分词determined的词义为“下定了决心”。
decide的名词为decision，determine的名词为determination。例如：At first，she decided to go to the police，…起初，她决定去找警察……
▲ 友情提示: decide后跟宾语从句时，其含义有时是“断
定”。I decided that I must have taken a wrong turning somewhere. 我断定我一定是在某处拐错弯了。The determination of the meaning of a word is often difficult without a context. 脱离上下文来确定一个词的含义常常是困难的。
注：在determine to do...，determine on (upon)... 和determine that...。(宾语从句)三个搭配中，determine的词义和decide几乎没有多大差异。He determined / decided to learn medicine. 他决定学医。
注：decide sb to do sth 决定使某人做某事What decided you to give up your job? 什么因素使你决定放弃你的工作?
【考例】 Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must know why it does not work. For example, he must ____ the parts that are wrong.
A. check B. determine C. correct D. recover
[考查目标]determine的用法。
[答案与解析]Bdetermine和decide在一般情况下意思相同。
5. encourage的用法
▲ 构词：
① encouraging adj. 鼓励的，给予希望的，振奋人心的。令人欢欣鼓舞的
② encouraged adj. 被激励的，受到鼓舞的
③ encouragement n. 鼓励，激励
④ discourage v. 使泄气；劝阻
▲ 搭配：① encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 ② be encouraged by 受……鼓励／鼓舞
【考例】 My advisor encouraged ___a summer course to improve my writing skills.
A. for me taking B. me taking
C. for me to take D. me to take
[考查目标] encourage的用法。
[答案与解析]D encourage sb to do sth鼓励某人干某事。句意为：我的导师鼓励我参加一个夏季课程来提高我的写作技巧。
6. escape (vi, vt ) escaped, escaping
(1) 逃走；跑掉 + from / out of = run away from
The soldier escaped from the enemy's prison.
(2)逃脱；逃避 + n. / doing
He narrowly escaped death / being killed.
There's no way to escape doing the work.
escape还可表示：
①（液体等）漏出 gas escaping from the pipe 煤气从管中漏出Water escaped rapidly from the drainpipe. 水从排水管中迅速流出。
② 避免escaped death 免于一死There is no escaping him. 怎么也避不开他。
③ 疏忽，忽略 Nothing escaped his attention. 什么也逃不过他的注意。 You cannot expect that something may escape the teacher's attention. 你不要奢望有什么能逃过老师的注意。
escape n
① 逃走The thief made his escape. 小偷逃走了。
②（气体）漏出，泄出；解闷She reads love stories as an escape. 她读爱情小说解闷。
7. hunt的用法
▲ 构词：hunter n. 猎人，搜寻者
▲ 搭配：
① hunt for / after追猎；寻找，搜寻
② hunt out 找出；调查出
【考例】He wandered in the street, ____ a new jacket for his nephew.
A. hunting for B. waiting for
C. shooting for D. aiming for
[考查目标]本题考查hunt for的意思。
[答案与解析]A hunt for原来是“猎取”的意思，引中为“搜寻，寻找”。
8. impression n. 印象
(1) impression (on sb.) (给某人)印象His speech made a strong impression on his audience.
(2) impression (of sth.) (对某事物)印象；想法That's my first impression of the new college.
(3) impress sb. with sth. 给予某人深刻印象 = impress sth. on sb. 使某人铭记 The teacher impressed on his students the importance of speaking. = The teacher impre- ssed his students with the importance of speaking.
9. interrupt的用法vt, vi
① 阻断；中断 Don't interrupt me. 别打断我。Traffic in the city was interrupted by a snowstorm. 市内交通被暴风雪所阻断。
② 打岔；插嘴 It is rude to interrupt. 打断别人的话，是不礼貌的。 “Don't interrupt,” he said.“别插话, ”他说。
▲构词：
① interrupter n. 打岔者，打断者
② interruption n. 打岔．打断，使中断的事物
【考例】 Be quiet! It's rude to ____ people when they are talking.
A. stop B. introduce C. prevent D. interrupt
[考查目标] interrupt的词义。
[答案与解析]Dinterrupt的意思是“打断；使中断”．
后接指人或指物的各种名词。
10. marry
(1) vi. 结婚He didn't marry until he was fifty.
(2) vt. 和……结婚Jean is going to marry Hubert.
(3) vt. (父母)嫁(女儿) He married his daughter to a businessman.
(4) vt. (教士等) 为……主持结婚仪式 We've come to ask if you will marry them.
[比较]
(1) get married (to sb.) 强调动作
His oldest girl got married last month.
(2) be married (to sb.) 强调状态
How long have you been married?
11. moment的用法 n.
① 片刻；瞬间 He will be here in a moment. 他一会儿就来。At the moment I am working.此刻我正在工作。
② 时机；机遇；时宜 Choose your moment to visit him. 你选个合适的时机去拜访他。
③ 重要性 a matter of great moment
一件极重要的事情
▲搭配：
① at any moment 随时；在任何时候；马上
② at the last moment 在最后关头
③ at the moment 此刻；(正当)那时
④ every moment 时时刻刻
⑤ for a moment 片刻
⑥ in a moment 一会儿，不久；立即，马上
⑦ the moment(that)... 一……就……
【考例】 "Can I? I don't think I can," Racy said with a laugh. "But I do have ____ when things come to me for no reason."
A. eventsB. chances C. feelings D. moments
[考查目标] moment的词义。
[答案与解析] D moment可以指“时刻”，在本句中用了复数，意思是“一些次”。
12. owe的用法owed, owing
▲ 搭配：
①（常与for连用）欠，欠债I owe you for your help.我感谢你的帮助。(也可以是owe sth.或owe sb. sth) The food cost ￡4 , but I only paid ￡3 so I still owe ￡1. 食品要4英镑，可我只付了3英镑，因此我还欠1英镑。I owe you an apology. 我该向你道歉。
☆ owe sb sth for sth 或 owe sth to sb for sth 为…欠某人…
② 对…负有义务；感恩；感激We owe our parents a lot. 我们十分感激父母。
③（常与to连用）归功于；由于She owes her success to good luck. 她把成功归功于幸运。The young writer owed his success to his teacher's encouragement. 年轻作家把自己的成功归于他老师的鼓励。
【考例】 "How much do I ____ you?" "Oh, no," Paul said.
A. Owe B. lend C. give D. offer
[考查目标]考查owe的词义和用法。
[答案与解析]A owe表示“欠”的时候是及物动词，可以接双宾语。
13. reason n. 原因；理由
(1) + to do sth. You haven't any reason to leave me.
(2) + for sth. / doing People must have a reason for saying such things.
(3) + 从句；从句用why / for which引导 That is the reason why you should leave.
(4) for + reason，为了某种原因He is retiring for reasons of health.
[比较] cause“原因；起因”
the cause of the fire 火灾的起因(引起某种后果的起因)
the reason for being late 迟到的理由(做某件事的理由)
14. role
(1) (戏剧中的) 角色Oliver played (acted) the role / part of Hamlet.
(2) (现实生活中的) 身份；作用
What is your role on the Committee?
(3) play a...role in... = play a...part in在……中扮演……角色或作用The headmaster plays an important role / part in the good running of a school.
15. serve v.
(1) 为……服务／工作 A slave serves his master.
(2) 接待(顾客) The shop assistant is serving a customer.
(3) 侍候吃饭，端(菜)；供应(饭菜) Lunch is served now.
(4) serve as 充任(某职务)作……用 She served as a model for several painters. / This box will serve as / for a seat.
16. speed的用法
▲搭配：
① at a high speed 以很大的速度
② at full / top speed 用全速，开足马力，尽力(快)地；
③ with great / an speed 用全速，开足马力
④ speed up 加速，快点
【考例】We had tried our best but the boss still shouted, " ____!"
A. Speed up B. No hurry
C. Wait a minute D. Slow down
[考查目标]本题考查speed及其构成的短语的意思。
[答案与解析]Aspeed up意思是“加速，快点”的意思。
17. stare的用法 vi, vt -- stared, staring 凝视，注视
He stared at the word trying to remember what it meant. 他盯着这个单词，努力想记起它的意思。
[习惯用语] stare one in the face 近在眼前；摆在眼前
▲辨析：gaze；stare；glare这组动词的一般含义是“凝视”。
gaze表示“目不转睛地看”，并含有“惊叹”、“羡慕”或“入迷”的意思。例如：She gazed at the carpet for some time, and then added, "You don't need bookcases at all." 她对地毯凝视了一会儿，然后补充说：“你根本不需要书柜。”
stare 特别表示“睁大眼睛凝视”，并含有“惊奇”、“傲慢” 或“茫然”的意思。例如：The noble stared at the blank sheet of paper for a few seconds. 那位贵族对那张空白纸凝视了几秒钟。
glare 表示“凶狠而且带有威胁性的瞪眼睛”的意思。例如：The trapped eagle glared at his captors. 被诱捕到的雄鹰凶狠地瞪着捕获它的人。
【考例】 ____ him and then try to copy what he does.
A. Mind B. Glance at C. Stare at D. Watch
[考查目标] stare 等近义词辨别。
[答案与解析]Dwatch意思是“观察”，是长时问关注；而stare at却是“盯着”。含有惊奇、傲慢的感情色彩。
18. trouble
(1) 麻烦；烦恼；烦心的事 (可数，不可数) It is a pity to give you so much trouble. / Life is full of troubles.
(2) 困难；费事 (不可数) have trouble with sth. / have trouble (in) doing sth. (= difficulty)Did you have much trouble in finding the post office? / I hope you won't have any trouble with the work.
[相关短语]
(1) ask for trouble 自寻烦恼；自找麻烦 What made you write such a letter? It was asking for trouble.
(2) (be) in trouble 有烦事；有困难；出事；惹麻烦 He never came except when he was in trouble.
(3) put sb. to trouble 给某人造成麻烦；增添麻烦 I am sorry for putting you to so much trouble.
(4) take trouble to do sth. 费心做某事；费心 It was good of you to take the trouble to help us.
[牛刀小试1] 用所给单词的适当形式填空：(speed，owe，encourage，decide，moment，apologize)
1. will never forget the ____ given by Mr. Wang, which helped me overcome a lot difficulty.
2. I have made a ___that every department in our company should buy a computer of this kind.
3. I recognized the man the ____ I saw him at the corner.
4. Since it was a bit later，we had to ____ up.
5. We must ____ our success to our parents and teachers.
6. The parents came from the far-away village, making an ____ for their naughty son.
☆词语比较☆
1. win, beat, defeat表示获胜、取胜的词语
(1) win v. 赢……，获胜，接比赛或奖项 win a game / a prize / an honor / a race. / Our team won the game 8 to 7. / He won by five points. / He won her love at last. / He won the first place in the competition.
(2) beat + 对手，表打败(尤指体育比赛)I can easily beat him at golf.
(3) defeat 表战胜，接对手The enemy was defeated in the battle.
2. in the end, finally, at last
三者均可表示“(经过周折、等待、耽误)最后，终于”之意。不同的是：
finally 一般用在句中动词前面，而 at last 与 in the end 的位置则较为灵活；
三者中at last 语气最为强烈，且可单独作为感叹句使用。After putting it off three times, we finally managed to have a holiday in Dalian. / At last he knew the meaning of life. / At last! Where on earth have you been? / But in the end he gave in.
另外，finally还可用在列举事项时，引出最后一个内容，相当于lastly。 Firstly, we should make a plan; secondly, we should carry it out; finally we should make a conclu- sion.
3. by sea, by the sea, in the sea, on the sea, at sea
(1) by sea “走海路，乘船”，用来表示交通方式，同 by ship 同义。 These heavy boxes should be sent by sea.
(2) by the sea “在海边”，相当于 by (at) the seaside。The children enjoyed themselves by the sea on Children's Day.
(3) in the sea “在海里，在海水中” There are many plants and animals in the sea.
(4) on the sea “在海面上”，“在海岸边”。I want to live in a town with a beautiful position on the sea.
(5) at sea 在海上；在航海 When he woke up, the ship was at sea.
4. be afraid, be afraid to do sth., be afraid of (doing) sth.
(1) be afraid 意为“担心，害怕”，多用于口语，常用来表示一种歉意，或遗憾，后可接 so 或 not，也可接 that 从句。I'm afraid (that) 其语意相当于 I'm sorry, but...。
-- Are we on time? 我们准时吗? -- I'm afraid not. 恐怕不准时。I'm afraid you'll get caught in the rain.
(2) be afraid to do sth 常表示“由于胆小而不敢做某事”。She is afraid to be here alone. / He is afraid to jump into the river from the bridge.
(3) be afraid of (doing) sth. 常表示“担心或害怕某事(发生)”。I was afraid of hurting her feelings.
5. live, living, alive, lively
(1) live adj.
① 活的；活生生的；(只修饰生物；只作前置定语) The laboratory is doing experiments with several live monkeys.
② 实况直播的 (不是录音)It wasn't a recorded show. It was live.
③ 带电的；燃着的；可爆炸的 This is a live wire.
(2) living adj. 活着的，有生命的(作表语或定语) She was, he thought, the best living novelist in England. / The old man is still living. (或alive)
(3) alive adj. ① 活着的；② 有活力的；有生气
作后置定语：Who's the greatest man alive?
作表语：Was the snake alive or dead? / My grandmother is more alive than a lot of young people.
作补语：Let's keep the fish alive.
(4) lively adj. 活泼的；有生气的；活跃的(作表语或定语) The music is bright and lively.
6. take off, take down, take in, take on, take up
(1) take off
① (飞机)起飞 A helicopter is able to take off and land straight up or down.
② 脱下(衣裳等)；取下 He took off his wet shoes. / Who took the knob off the door?
③ 休假；请假；歇工 When his wife was sick he took off from work.
④ (指观念、产品) 大受欢迎；(事业)突然发达，成功The new type of cell phones has really taken off. / His business began to take off when he was in his forties.
(2) take down
① 拿下来；取下来 He reached up to the third shelf of the bookcase and took down a dictionary.
② 记下来 He read out the names and his secretary took them down.
(3) take in
① 接受 (房客，客人等)；收留 The farmers took in the lost travelers for the night.
② 理解；领会；明白 The boys could not take in his meaning.
③包括；涉及 The study of physics takes in many different subjects.
④使上当；欺骗We were completely taken in by her story.
(4) take on
① 接受；从事(某工作) After his father died, Bill took on the management of the factory.
② 雇用Is the supermarket taking on any more assis- tant?
③ 具有(新面貌、意思等) The city has taken on a new look.
(5) take up
① 从事某项活动；发展某种爱好 So many young men want to take up writing.
② 开始做(某项工作)；开始学习(某个课程) Then she took up the task of getting the breakfast. / He dropped medicine and took up physics.
③ 占去 (时间或空间) The meeting took up the whole morning. / The table takes up too much room.
④ 接受I'd like to take up your offer of a ride into town.
7. call for, call on, call up
(1) call for
① 来找(某人)；来取(某物) I'll call for you at your house.
②要求；需要Success in school calls for much hard work.
(2) call on
① call on / upon sb. 拜访；去会(某人) I hope to call on you at your office at 3 o’clock today.
② call on / upon sb. to do sth. 请／叫某人做某事He called upon me to speak immediately.
③ 号召；呼吁；要求 The President called on his people to serve the country.
(3) call up
① 给……打电话 (英 ring up) I tried to call you up last night, but no one answered the phone.
② 征召入役；调用 (后备部队) Three boys in our street were called up last week.
8. too much, much too
(1) too much “太多”之意，可以作形容词，修饰不可数名词，也可作副词，修饰动词。 There is too much rain here in spring. / She talked too much at the meeting.
(2) much too “简直太，过于”，只能作副词，用来修饰形容词或别的副词，不能修饰动词。This book is much too difficult for me. / The old man walks much too slowly.
9. custom, habit
(1) custom 指传统风俗、习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接不定式。They broke some of the old customs. / It is the custom in China to eat dumplings during the spring Festival.
(2) habit 指个人生活习惯。“(有)养成……习惯”常
用be in / fall into / get into / form / have the habit of doing sth. 句型；“戒掉……习惯”常用 give up / kick / break away from / get out of the habit of doing sth. 句型。It's easy to get into a bad habit but its hard to give it up. / The drug easily get one into the habit of smoking.
10. arise, rise, raise
raise vt.“使……上升；升起；提高”等；
rise vi.“上升；升起”；
arise vi.“站起来(stand up)”，“起床(get up)”，rise和arise用作站起，起床都属正式用法；arise主要表示“出现、发生”等意思。She raised her voice in anger. (抬高) The wind raised the fallen leaves from the ground. (刮起) The child rose from the ground and ran to his mother. (=The child raised himself from the ground and ran to his mother.) (爬起) She rises before it is light. (起床) Difficulties will arise as we do the work. (出现)
☆短语归纳☆
1. can't help doing sth. 禁不住做某事，不由得不做某事
She couldn't hep smiling.
[比较]
(1) can't help but do 不得不……；不能不 When the streets are full of melting snow, you can't help but get your shoes wet.
(2) cannot but 不能不，只能He could not but feel disappointed.
[归纳]
(1) help (sb.) (to) do sth. Help me get him back to bed at once. / By helping them we are helping save ourselves.
(2) help...with sth. 帮助……做某事 In those days he used to help her mother with her gardening.
(3) help oneself / sb. to sth. 给自己 / 别人夹菜 / 拿烟
等；擅自拿用 May I help you to some more vegetables?
(4) help...in sth. 在……方面帮助某人 She offered to help Rose in the housekeeping when I am not here.
(5) help out 帮忙 (做事；克服困难等) I've often helped Bob out when he's been a bit short of money.
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