2011暑假必备宝典之高一英语知识点总结Unit15-16
高一英语各单元知识点总结及重难点解析Unit15-16
☆重点句型☆
1. There is no doubt that ...
2. It is dangerous or bad for your health.
3. I would rather not tell you.
4. Pierre and I did have a good time at the ball.
5. It was worth five hundred francs at most.
6. The money would be better spent building more roads or railways in other parts of China.
7. Fasten a key to the end of the long string.
☆重点词汇☆
1. recognize / recognise v. 认出；识别
2. surely adv. 确实
3. franc n. 法郎
4. lovely adj. 好看的；可爱的
5. debt n. 债务；欠款
6. besides prep. 除……之外；adv．此外
7. outline n. 轮廓；要点
8. alien adj. 外国的；n. 外星人
9. earn v. 赚得；挣得
10. prove v. 证明
11. quality n. 质量；品质
12. tear v. 撕扯
13. advantage n. 优点；优势
14. disadvantage n. 不利；弊端
15. charge v. 使充电；控告；攻击
16. successful adj. 成功的；胜利的
17. experiment n. 实验；试验
18. continue v. 继续
19. attend v. 出席
20. shock v. 打击；震动
21. doubt n. 怀疑
22. comfort n. 舒适；安慰
23. positive adj. 肯定的；积极的
24. economy n. 经济
25. unnecessary adj. 不必要的
26. sharp adj. 锐利的；锋利的
27. foot n. 英尺，足feet(复数)
28. electrical adj. 电的
29. precious adj. 贵重的；宝贵的
30. cruel adj. 残酷的
☆重点短语☆
1. bring back 拿回来；使恢复
2. come up with 想出或提出(答案、办法)
3. pay off 还清；付清
4. test on 在……(身上)做实验
5. take up 从事于；占据(时间或空间)
6. protect...from... 保护；免受
7. make use of 利用
8. pay for sth 付……钱；受到惩罚
9. break the laws 犯法
10. make a list of 列出
11. in my opinion 依我之见
12. pick out 辨别出；挑出
13. stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
14. a great deal of 大量的；很多的
15. protect...from... 保护……免受……
16. play a role 扮演角色
17. pull...from 从……拉／拖
18. fall asleep 入睡
19. get killed 丧命；被杀
20. a waste of 浪费……
☆交际用语☆
1. It can't be tree.
2. I would rather not tell you.
3. Does that matter?
4. It is good for the economy.
5. It can help many people in the future.
6. It is clean and does not pollute the air.
7. It is important for science.
8. It brings people comfort.
9. It is too expensive.
10. It is dangerous or had for your health.
☆单词聚焦☆
4. attend vt. 出席，参加；照顾；注意
attendance n. 出席
attendant n. 服务员
They attended our affairs during our absence.
他们在我们不在时管理我们的事务。
So many people attended the meeting.
很多人出席了这次会议。
The old lady has a good nurse attending her.
这位老太太有一位好护士照顾她。
He attended my every word in class.
上课时他倾听我的每一句话。
【考点6】attract的用法
▲构词：
①attraction n. 吸引，吸引力，吸引人的事物
②attractive adj. 吸引人的，有魅力的
③attractively adv. 动人地，迷人地
▲ 搭配：attract sb's attention 引起…注意
【考例6】 Finally, I was ____ by his
lively sense of humor.
A. disturbed B. moved
C. attracted D. defeated
[考查目标]本题考查attract的词义。
[答案与解析]C句意是“我被他的幽默感所吸引”。
3. besides prep. 除……之外(还有) adv．此外
besides 具有附加性质，用于否定句中可以与except,
but换用。
Besides English, he knows three other languages.
除了英语之外，他还懂三种语言。
Nobody knows it besides / except / but me.
除了我以外，准也不知道那件事。
5. chargev. 充电；索价；攻击；控诉
Does your car battery charge easily?
你的车电池充电容易吗?
How much do you charge for your old car?
你的旧车要价多少?
Suddenly the tiger charged at me.
突然老虎向我冲过来。
John was charged with murder.
约翰被控犯谋杀罪。
相关词组：free of charge 免费的
in charge of 负责；掌管
in / under the charge of 由……管理
【考点4】charge的用法
▲ 搭配：
①charge sb. some money for 为……向某人索取／收取
多少钱
②charge oneself with 承担(工作)，接受(任务)
③at one's own charge(s) / expenses 自费，用自己的钱
④put…down to sb's charge 把……记在某人账上
⑤in charge 主管，负责；在拘留中
⑥in charge of 负责，经管，照顾
⑦in / under the charge of sb 由某人负责，由某人照
料／管理
⑧take charge (of) 负责，照料，保管等；掌管，接办
12. conductn. 行为，操行
the rules of conduct 行为准则
foolish conduct 愚蠢的行为
He was scolded because of his bad conduct.
v. 引导，管理，指挥，售票
Copper conducts electricity better than other materials
do.
铜比其它材料要容易导电。
She's conducted on buses for 10 years.
她在公共汽车上当了10年售票员。
【考点3】conduct的用法
▲ 构词：
①conduction n. 传导，导电；输送，传播，引流
②conductor n. 领导者，经理，乐队指挥，(电车或公共
汽车) 售票员，列车员
▲ 搭配：conduct oneself well行为端证
▲ 辨析：conduct；guide；lead
三者作为动词比较一般的含义是“领”、“导”或“引”。
conduct具体名词conductor (①向导②公共汽车等的
“售票员”)；表示“指导”、“引导”时含有明显的主从关
系，即被引导者不服从是不可以的。例如：
The policeman eventually had his hands tied up and
conducted him to a shelter. 警察最后把他的双手绑了
起来并把他带到一个防空洞。
guide (抽象名词guidance，具体名词guide “向导”) 是通
用词，可以用于“为别人带路”、“指导别人的学习、品行
修养”，它的内涵是避免走弯路或遇到危险。例如：
Thousands of lanterns slowly drift out to sea guiding
the dead on their return journey to the other world. 数
干只灯笼慢慢向大海漂去，给死人返回阴间指明道路。
He is now studying under the guidance of Professor
Green. 他现在正在格林教授的指导下学习。
lead (抽象名词leadership “领导”，具体名词leader “领
袖”、“领队”)可以表示“领导”、“带路”，但它总含有领
导者走在前面．而把被领导者控制在自己的权威之下，
或被领导者处于秩序井然的状态中的意思。例如：
Our guide led us through a series of caves. 我们的向导
带领着我们穿过一个接一个的洞穴。
【考例3】 ...when I'd have predic-
ted the score to be about 9 to 1 in my favor, it was in-
stead 7 to 9 -- and Ed was ____.
A. leading B. coming
C. waiting D. counting
[考查目标]本题考查conduct 以及近义词的用法。
[答案与解析]A leading在本句中有形容词性，意思
是“领先的”。
【考点2】continue的用法
▲构词：
①continuous adj. 连续的．持续的
②continuously adv. 不断地，连续地
▲ 搭配：
①continue doing sth / to do sth 继续做某事
②continue (with) sth 继续做某事
▲ 辨析：continue，last 都含“继续”、“延续”的意思。
continue 指“持续而无终止”，通常强调“不间断”。例
如：continue one's work 继续工作
last 指“持久”、“延续”。例如：
The rain will not last long. 这雨不会持续很久。
【考例2】 They ____ to see each
other around school, had lunch together once or two,
and then both ended up from the same high school.
A. continued B. agreed
C. forced D. offered
[考查目标] 本题考查continue 的词义。
[答案与解析]Acontinue 的宾语多种多样，它的意思
是“继续”。
【考点7】control的用法
▲ 构词：
①controlled adj. 受约束的．克制的
②controller n. 管理员，控制器
▲ 搭配：
①in control (of) 控制
②under control 受控制
③out of control 失控，不能操纵
④have / keep control (of / over) 可以控制
⑤lose control (of) 失去(对……的)控制
⑥take controls (of) 管辖，管理，控制
【考例7】 Everyone was too afraid to go in
because the fire was ____, so I went in.
A. out of control B. under control
C. in control D. over control
[考查目标] 本题考查control搭配的用法和意思。
[答案与解析]Aout of control的意思是“失去控制”。
16. doubt n. 怀疑vt. 怀疑
[拓展] doubtful adj. 令人生疑的
I don' t doubt that he'll come.
There is no doubt that you'll succeed.
[搭配] without (a) doubt 毫无疑问地，确实地
in doubt 感到怀疑no doubt 无疑；很可能
【考点5】doubt 的用法
▲构词：
①doubtful adj. 怀疑的，疑心的；不能确定的，可疑的
②doubtfully adv. 怀疑地，含糊地
③doubtless adj. 无疑的，确定的
adv. 无疑地．确定地
▲ 搭配：
①beyond / past (all) doubt (常作插入语)毫无疑问
②cast / throw doubt on... 对…产生怀疑，使人对…产
生怀疑
③hang in doubt 悬而未决。还不能确定
④in doubt 感到怀疑，拿不准；被怀疑，悬而未决
⑤no doubt 无疑地，很可能
⑥without (a) doubt 无疑地
⑦be / feel doubtful of / about... / that-clause怀疑
▲友情提示：doubt常表示“怀疑”，其后接名词从句时，
主句为疑问句和否定句时，从旬常用连词that, but
that。主句为旨定句从句一般用连接词whether, if
what, when 等。如主句为肯定句而从句用连词that，
则往往表示“非常怀疑、不相信”。
【考例5】(2005广东)Some researchers believe that
there is no doubt ____ a cure for AIDS will be
found.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
[考查目标] doubt 的用法。
[答案与解析]B no doubt后为同位语从句，that作为
引导词，不充当句子成分。
2. earn vt. 赚得；挣得；赢得
I had not earned one penny with it up to the moment.
到目前为止我还没有赚到一分钱。
His victories in the wars earned him the title of "The
Great".
他百战百胜赢得了“常胜将军”的称号。
[拓展]earn one's living 谋生
earnings 赚得的钱
She earned a living by singing in a night club.
她靠在夜总会唱歌谋生。
14. prove vt. 证明，证实
How did you prove that he was the thief?
The finger prints on the knife can prove him the murdurer.
[注意] prove 还常用作系动词，意为“证明是，结果
是”。
The drug proved (to be) highly effective.
What he said proved (to be) true.
1. reeognise vt. 识别，认出；承认，认可
reeognisable adj. 可认出的；可识别的
recognition n. 认识，认出；承认
I recognized her by her red hat.
我根据她的红色帽子认出了她。
He recognized his lack of qulifacation for the post.
他承认了自已不够条件承担那个职务。
I recognise him to be cleverer than I am.
= I recxgnise that he is cleverer than I am.
我承认他比我更聪明。
【考点1】recognize的用法
▲ 构词：recognition n. 赞誉，承认，重视，公认，赏识，
识别
▲ 搭配：
①recognize sb as / to be... 承认／公认某人……
②beyond / out of recognition 完全改了模样，面目全非
③escape recognition 使人认不出
【考例1】 One of the processes of growing
uD is being able to ____ and overcome our fears．
A. realize B. remember
C. recognize D. recover
[考查目标] 本题考查recognize的意思。
[答案与解析]C在本句中recognize的意思是“认
清”。
13. shock n. 打击，震惊，震动vt. 使震惊，使惊愕
[拓展] shocking adj. 令人震惊的
She was white with shock.
The news of her husband's death was a terrible shock
to her.
It shocked me to see how my neighbours treated their
children.
见到邻居们这样对待孩子，我吃了一惊。
[注意] be / get shocked
Mr Smith got shocked when he touched the wire.
史密斯先生触到电线时遭到电击。
15. tear (tore，torn)vt. & vi. 撕碎
He tore the letter into pieces.
She was so angry that she tore the picture in half.
This cloth tears easily.
[搭配] tear sth. down 拆除；拆毁tear sth. up 撕碎
【考点8】worth的用法
▲构词：
①worthless adj. 无价值的，无益的
②worthwhile adj. 值得做的．值得出力的
③worthy adj. 应得某事物；值得做某事；有价值的，可
敬的，相称的
▲ 搭配：
①be worth notice / the trouble (抽象名词)值得注意／
费点事
②be (well) worth doing某事(很)值得一做
▲ 友情提示：此时worth后的动名词的主动式具有被
动的含义。
③It's (well) worth doing sth 做某事是(很)值得的
④worth it 值得花费时间／精力，值得一千，有必要
【考例8】
-- How much is the T-shirt ____?
-- 65 dollars.
A. worth B. cost C. worthy D. paid
[考查目标] 本题考查worth 的基本用法。
[答案与解析]A加worth 的后面可以接表示价格的
名词，就可以用how much来提问。
[牛刀小试1]
用所给单词的适当形式填空：
(recognize, continue, conduct, charge, control, at—
tract, worth, doubt)
1. I meant to buy the clock, but the seller ____ too
much.
2. You have cut your hair so short that I can hardly
____ you.
3. ____ by the beauty of nature, they stayed in
Hangzhou for another three days.
4. They are too weak. I ____ whether they can bear
the bad climate.
5. The plane out of ___, crashed in the valley at
last.
6. I will ask Mr. Brown to ____ our company in-
stead of my uncle.
7. Nobody knows how much the portrait is
8. We two left but the meeting still
☆词语比较☆
1. because, since, as, for, now that
它们都可以被用来引导原因状语从句，其中
(1) because 语气最强，一般指事情发生的直接原因，
回答提问，一般放在主句之后。
Because he was ill, he was late for school.
他生病了，所以迟到了。
We must stay at home because it rained.
(2) since 较弱，指双方都明确的原因或众所周知的原
因，泽为“既然”，侧重主句，从句表示显然的或已知
的理由。
Since you don't like it, I'll put it away.
既然你不喜欢，我就把它放在一边。
(3) as “由于，鉴于”，指客观事实，常与since互换使
用。
As there was no answer, I wrote again.
鉴于没回复，我又写了一封信。
(4) for 是并列连词，不说明直接原因而是对某种情
况加以推断，其引导的分句前常有逗号。
He must be ill, for he is absent today.
他…定是生病了，因为他今天没来。
(5) now that 用来说明一种新情况，然后加以推论。
Now that you are ready, we'll start at once.
既然你已经准备好了，我们马上开始。
2. continue, go on
两者都有“继续”的意思。
(1) continue to do / doing sth. 表示“不停地做某事”，
go on to do sth. 则表示“接着做另一件事情”，go on
doing sth. 表示“继续做同一件事情”，它可指中断后
的继续，也可指不中断的继续。
(2) continue后可直接跟名词，而go on后须加介词，
才能接名词。
(3) continue可用作系动词，go on不可。
(4) continue后可接介词短语，表示仍在某地或某个
职位，而go on不可。
The baby continued to cry / crying all night.
这个婴儿哭了一夜。
It's time for class. Let's go on learning Lesson 5.
上课了，我们继续上第五课。
He continues a good friend of mine.
他仍是我的一个好朋友。
[拓展] to be mntinued 待续(用于报刊上连载的文章等)
3. worth, worthy, worthwhile
这三个形容词在使用时，容易混淆，worth只能作表
语，后面常跟名词、代词或动名词的主动形式，
worthy的意思是“值得的”“配得上的”“可敬的”，作
表语或定语，作表语时，构成以下词组：be worthy of
being done / be worthy to be done。worthwhile作“值
得的，合算的”讲，只能作表语。
这个问题值得讨论。
The problem is worth discusaing / discussion.
The problem is worthy of being discussed / to be
discussed.
The problem is worthy of discussion.
It is worthwhile to discuss / discussing the problem.
【短语归类】
10. act...out把……表演出来；把……付诸行动
Everyone laughed when he acted out the episode.
当他绘声绘色描绘那件事时，大家哄堂大笑。
They actually acted out their ideal．
他们确实把自己的理想变成了行动。
act against 违反
act as 担任；充当
act on 奉行；对……起作用
act up 出毛病；捣乱
7. after all毕竟；终究
这个词组有两个含意：“要知道……”；“别忘了
……”，表示说话人对别人的态度，用来说服或提醒
对方，引出听话人似乎忘记了的某个重要的论点或
理由，在表这个意思时，一般把after all放在句首。
该词组还表示“终究”，在表示这层意思时，after aIl
一般放于句末。
I think we should let her go on holiday alone. After
all, she is fifteen and she isn't a child any more.
我想应该让她独自去度假，(要知道)她毕竟已经15
岁，不再是小孩了。
Mathilde thought it was a diamond necklace, but it
wasn't a real one after all.
玛蒂尔德原以为那足一条钻石项链，但那终归不是
真的钻石项链。
11. at (the) most最多；至多
I can pay only fifteen pounds at the most.
我最多只能付15英镑。
This is worth 3000 yuan at the most.
这个最多值3000元。
[拓展] at (the) least 至少；最少
8. bring back拿回来；使恢复
If you are going shopping, please bring back a tube of
toothpaste?
要是你上街，请买一支牙膏回来。
His words brought the whole event back.
他的话使人想起了整个事件。
bring out 生产；制造
bring up 养育；教育
bring about 引起；致使
bring down 使落下
6. call on / upon访问，看望，拜访，要求，号召
Last night I called on Mr. Black and had a long talk.
昨晚我拜访了布莱克先生，并同他作r长时间谈话。
The salesman called on our company twice a month.
这位推销员每月来我们公司两次。
Mr. Read called on us to learn from Peter.
雷德先生号召我们向彼得学习。
与call相关的词组：
call after 以……的名字而命名
call at 访问，拜访
call for 要求；需求
call out 大声喊叫
call up 提醒
9. pay off还清(债务)；付清
It took us six years to pay off that judgment.
我们花了六年才还清债务。
I'll certainly pay you back for what you did to me.
你那样对待我，我一定要回敬你的。
【考点3】pick构成的短语
①pick out 挑出，辨认出
②pick up 拾起，捡起，(用车)接，恢复(健康)，中途搭载
③pick off 摘下来
④pick at 少量地吃，老是挑剔(某人)
⑤pick & choose 挑三拣四
[例句] My sister is going with me to help me pick out a
new suit. 我姐姐要陪我去挑一件新衣服。
They showed their displeasure by continually picking at
her. 他们不断挑剔她，表明了他们不满。
Henry's been ill, but he's picking up again now. 亨瑞病
了，但是很快又恢复了健康。
【考例3】(NMET 1997) She ____ his number in
the phone book to make sure that she had got it right．
A. looked up B. looked for
C. picked out D. picked up
[考查目标] 此题主要考查四个短语的用法。
[答案与解析]Alook up向上看，查找，查寻；look for
寻找；pick out 挑出来；pick up 拾起。本句话的意思为
“她在电话簿中找电话号码以便确信她是对的”。
17. pick out挑出；辨别出；使显眼
I can pick out my sister in the crowd.
我能在人群中认出我妹妹。
The houses in the painting were picked out in white.
画中的房子在白色衬托下愈发突出。
[注意]与pick搭配的词组有：pick up 拿起，拾起，恢
复；pick over 检查
【考点1】含“介词at + (冠词) + 名词短语”
①at the head of 在……最前头
②at midnight 在半夜
③at present 现在，目前
④at once 立刻，马上
⑤at breakfast 早餐时
⑥at first 起先，首先
⑦at school 在学校，在上学
⑧at home 在家
⑨at night 在晚上
⑩at the moment 此刻
⑩at the end of 在……结尾．到……尽头
⑩at the same time 同时
⑩at times 有时，偶尔
⑩at all 一点也不
⑩at last 最后，起码
⑩at sea 在海上，茫然．奠名其妙
⑥at the age of 在……岁数时
⑩at the beginning of... 起初，开始
⑩at (the) most 至多
④at a time 每次
①at one time 过去有段时间，曾经
◎at work 在工作
④at a loss 茫然
⑨at hospital 住院
④at (the) least 至少
[例句] A policeman drove at the head of the procession.
一名警察在游行的队伍前开着车。
At first he was a little shy in class, but now he acts
more naturally. 起初在班里他有点害羞．但是现在自然
多了。
If you find anything not to your liking you will tell me
at once? 如果你发现你不喜欢的东西，马上告诉我好吗?
At one time 1 used to play a lot of sport, but I seem to
have lost interest now. 我曾经喜爱运动，但是现在好像
失去了兴趣。
I feel a little nervous at times. 有时我的确感到有些紧
张。
The meal came to an end at last, and Mr. Li rose. 这顿
饭终于吃完了，李先生站了起来。
I don't understand politics: I'm at sea when people talk
about the government. 我不懂政治，当人们谈论政府
时，我就茫然了。
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