2011暑假必备宝典之高一英语知识点总结Unit17-18
高一英语各单元知识点总结及重难点解析Unit17-18
☆重点句型☆
1. What is to be done when something gets into your eyes?
2. It is much too expensive.
3. It's fast and clean and it does.
4. I was beginning to, think that the experiment would
not work.
5. Tie the corner of the handkerchief to the points of the
cross and you will have a nice strong kite.
6. It has often been said that life is difficult as it is.
7. For women it sometimes seems twice as much.
8. I had traveled only two hours one day when the winds
increased so much that I had to put my tent up before
the winds became too strong.
☆重点词汇☆
1. scholarship n. 奖学金；学问
2. graduation n. 毕业
3. surroundv. 包围；围绕
4. central adj. 中心的；中央的
5. mild adj. 温和的
6. settle vt. 使定居；解决；使平静
7. harbour n. 海港
8. volcano n. 火山
9. surface n. 表面
10. ship v. 用船运
11. export v. 输出
12. agricultural n. 农业的；农艺的
13. possession n. 拥有；占有
14. secretary n. 秘书；文书
15. conference n. 会议；讨论会
16. cattle n. 牛；牲畜
17. inspire v.鼓舞；启示；激发
18．admire v. 钦佩；羡慕
19. generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的
20. mean adj．吝啬的；卑鄙的
21. dishonest adj. 不诚实的
22. champion n. 冠军；得胜者
23. stormy adj. 暴风雨的
24. threaten vt. 威胁
25. bottom n. 底部
26. optimistic adj. 乐观的
27. somehow adv. 以某种方式；不知怎么地
28. regret v. 遗憾；悔恨
29. value v. 重视；评价
30. bother v. 烦扰；打扰
☆重点短语☆
1. increase to... 增加到……
2. become of sb. / sth. 某人 / 某物发生……情况
3. be about to do sth. 马上要做某事
4. struggle to one's knees 挣扎站起来
5. around the comer 即将来临；就在附近
6. refer to 涉及到；谈到；查阅
7. clear up (天气)放晴；整理
8. die down (风、火、光)等渐弱，(声音)静下来
9. come to terms with 甘心忍受，妥协
10. rise to fame 出名
11. take possession of 占有，占领
12. sign an agreement with 和……签定协议
13. turn to doing 转为做……
14. in relation to 与……有关；关于
15. as it is 以现在的样子
16. lie in / to / on 位于……
17. the majority of 大多数……
18. at the top of one's voice 高声地
19. drop out 脱离；退出
20. compare...with 和……比较
短语闯关
下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据
汉语在横线上填入一个正确的词，每个词4分，80分才
能过关．你一定能过关，做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我
们就开始吧?
1. (just) ____ the corner即将来临；在拐角处；就
在附近
2. die ____ 变弱；平息；消失
3. come ____ terms with 甘心忍受(不愉快的处
境)；妥协，让步
4. ____ possession of占有；占领
5. make ____ 组成，构成；编造；虚构
6. turn ____ 开始干；求助于；转向；翻到多少页
7. go ____ 驾船航行；进行帆船运动
8. go ____ 宿营
9. ____ high quality质量很高
10. sign an ____ with与……签订协议
11. have a population ____有多少人口
12. ____ relation to关于；涉及；与……有关
13. rise to ____ 出名
14. drop ____下沉；沉落；掉落；退出；不参加
15. be thankful ____ 因……感谢
16. ____ the top of one's voice高声地
17. be ____ good health身体状况良好
18. struggle ____ one's knees / feet 挣扎着站起来
19. struggle ____ 挣扎着渡过(难关)
20. blow ____ 吹走
21. become ____ 某人(某事物)发生……情况；
……怎么对立
22. be known ____ 因……而著名
23. ____ far到目前为止
24. hang ____ 紧紧握住某物
25. be marked ____ 以……为特征
☆交际用语☆
1. She seems to me to be the kind of women who...
2. The impression she makes on me is...
3. I think she is the kind of person who...
4. It has often been said that life is difficult as it is.
5. It sometimes seems twice as difficult.
6. New Zealand is an important agricultural country, with
cattle farming on the North Isle.
7. Some farmers have turned to keeping deer.
☆单词聚焦☆
【考点2】admire 的用法
▲ 构词：
① admiration n. 钦佩，赞美，羡慕
② admirer n. 羡慕者，赞赏者，敬慕者
▲ 搭配：
① admire sb. for sth. 赞赏／钦佩某人……
② express admiration for 对……表示钦佩
③ in admiration of 赞美，赏识
④ with admiration 羡慕地
【考例2】 And Mrs. Clarke was greatly
____ at the club for the successful self-protectton.
A. surprised B. admired
C. inspired D. supported
[考查目标] 本题考查admire的词义。
[答案与解析]B这句话说的是“由于Mrs. Clarke的
自我保护行为，她得到了人们的尊重”。
【考点7】affect 的用法
▲ 构词：
① affection n. 友爱，爱情
② affective adj. 情感的．表达感情的
③ affected adj. 受到影响的，受(疾病)侵袭的，假装
的，做作的
▲ 搭配: be affected by 受……影响；被……感动；患
【考例7】 He probably didn't know how
much the car was going to____ American culture.
A. affect B. afford C. effort D. effect
[考查目标] 本题考查affect的词义。
[答案与解析]A affect 具有动词词性词义是“影响”，
它的名词形式是effecy。
【考点5】bear 的用法
▲ 搭配：bear in mind牢记在心
▲ 辨析：bear; suffer; endure; stand
这组动词都有“忍受”的意思。
bear 和 suffer 可以表示“对强加的任何东西的忍受”，
bear 侧重于表示“忍受沉重或堆办的事”。而suffer侧
重于表示“忍受或经受令人不愉快的、甚至于痛苦的
事”。例如：
In the end, I could not bear it. 最后，我受不了啦。
When my old friend Brian urged me to accept a ciga—
rette, it was more than I could bear. 当老朋友布赖恩怂
恿我接受一支香烟时，我就受不住了。
endure 强调“长时间的忍受痛苦而不屈服”。例如：
What can't be cured must be endured. 治不好的病就必
须忍受。
Travelers in space have to endure many discomforts in
their rockets. 宇宙旅行家不得不在火箭中忍受许多不
舒适的东西。
stand 表示“忍受令人生厌的事”。例如：
Considering his home situation, he had to tolerate his
wife. 考虑到家中的情形，他不得不忍让妻子。
stand 常与 bear 通用，如果用词确切，stand 总包含着
“不退让”、“不畏缩”的“忍受”之意。例如：
He can stand more pain than anyone else I know. 他比
我认识的任何人都更能忍受痛苦。
He stood the test of war. 他经受住了战争的考验。
【考例5】 Harry Fields also studying bi—
ology said they wanted to make as much noise as possl-
ble t0 force the government officials to realize what
everybody was having to____.
A. stand B. accept C. know D. share
[考查目标] 本题考查bear的近义词stand的词义用法。
[答案与解析]A bear和stand在很多场合可以换用，
意思是“忍受，经得起”。
3. inspire vt. 鼓舞，激励，启示
inspiring 鼓舞人心的
His advice insoired her to greater efforts.
他的忠告激励她更加努力。
The memory of her childhood inspired her first novel.
儿时的回忆促使她写成第一本小说。
[词组] inspire sb. to sth. 赋予某人灵感
【考点4】promise的用法
▲ 构词：promising adj. 有希望的，有前途的
▲ 搭配：
① break one's / a promise 违背诺言，违约
② make / give a promlse 答应，许诺
③ keep one's / a promise遵守诺言，守约
④ I promise you. 我敢肯定；说句老实话；我警告你。
⑤ promise oneself决心，指望，期待
⑥ promise well 很有希望，前景很好
【考例4】I drove Dad into Mijas, and
____ to pick him up at 4 pm, then dropped off the
car at the garage.
A. agreed B. planned
C. determined D. promised
[考查目标] 本题考查promise的词义。
[答案与解析] D从上下文来看，这句话说的不是“同
意”或“决心”而是“答应”、“许诺”。
4. regret vi. 遗憾，惋惜，悔恨 n. 遗憾，抱歉
regretful adj. 后悔的
I regret to do sth. 遗憾地做某事
I regret doing sth. 后悔做了某事
I regret spending so much money on a computer.
我后悔花了这么多钱买这台电脑。
How I regretted having wasted so much time playing.
我多么后悔把许多时间都浪费在玩上。
I regret to say I can not come.
我遗感地告诉你我不能来。
【考点3】regret 的用法
▲ 构词：
① regretful adj. 后悔的，抱歉的，惋惜的，遗憾的
② regretfully adv. 懊悔地，抱歉地
③ regretless adj. 无悔的，不后悔的，没有遗憾的
▲ 搭配：
① to one's regret 令某人遗憾的是
② regret (to tell you / say) that... 遗憾……；很抱歉
③ It is to be regretted that... 使人遗憾的是……；真可
惜……
④ regret doing sth 后悔干了某事
【考例3】 This scar will be lasting, but to
this day, I have never ____ what I did.
A. forgot B. recognized
C. considered D. regretted
[考查目标] 本题考查 regret 的词义。
[答案与解析] D regret 的意思是“后悔”。从本句的
句意可以看出，主人公对过去的事始终不后悔。
【考点1】run 的用法
▲ 构词：
① running n. 奔跑，赛跑。转动．运转
② runner n. 赛跑者
▲ 搭配：
① run for 竞选
② run sb off sb's feet 使疲于奔命
③ run across 偶然遇到
④ run after 追逐，追踪
⑤ run into 碰撞；遇上．偶然遇到；陷于。碰上(困境、麻
烦等)
⑥ run out 用光，耗尽(不及物)
⑦ run out of 用光／耗尽……
【考例1】 All we did during practice was
____.
A. jump B. play C. run D. shoot
[考查目标] 本题考查run的词义。
[答案与解析]C在本句中run作was的表语。这是
一个与上文承接的细节。
2. settle vi. 安放，安居，定居 vt. 解决
My son has settled in Beijing.
我儿子已定居在北京。
After years 0{travelling, they decided to settle down
here.
旅行多年以后，他们决定定居下来。
They settled the dispute among themselves.
他们自己把这个争论解决了。
[词组] settle down 安下心来
settle into 习惯于
settle up 结清
【考点6】settle的用法
▲ 构词：
① settled adj. 固定的，不变的，永久的；(账单上)付讫．
结讫
② settlement n. 殖民，移民；定居点；和解，解决，决
定；清算，清账；财产的赠与
③settler n. 定居者
▲ 搭配：
① That settles it! (口)事情就这样定了!这就完了!
② settle down (使)平静下来；(活动一段时间后)舒舒
服服地坐下，躺下；定居。成家
③s ettle (down) to sth 安下心来做某事
④ settle to do sth 决定去做某事
【考例6】..., and laws had to be made to
protect the water rights of the ____ and the use of
the water resources accordingly．
A. winners B. settlers
C. fighters D. supporters
[考查目标] 本题考查 settle 派生词的用法。
[答案与解析]B settle的名词形式之一是settler，意思
是“定居者”。
1.surround vt. 包围，环绕
be surrounded by / with 被……围住
The village is surrounded on all sides by hill.
这个村子四面环山。
She has always been surrounded with fashionable friends.
她周围总有许多爱赶时髦的朋友。
[拓展] surrounding adj. 附近的；四周的
The students in our school come from the surrounding
area.
我们学校的学生来自周边地区。
surroundings n. 常用复数形式，意为“环境”。
The surroundings a child grows up in may have an
effect on his development.
小孩生长的环境会影响他的发展。
5. value n. 价值；重要性
You must realise the value of the dictionary.
你必须意识到这本字典的重要性。
be of (no) value 有(无)价值
[拓展] value n. 评价，重视，珍视，估价
How do you value him as a teacher?
照你的评价他是个怎样的老师?
We valued the house at $30,000.
我们估计这栋房子值3万美元。
I value your friendship very highly.
我非常珍惜你的友谊。
[牛刀小试1]
用所给单词的适当形式填空：
(run, admire, regret, bear, promise, settle, affect)
1. The noise was so great that most of the children
couldn't ____.
2. --Jackie won't come to see you this afternoon.
-- But he ____.
3. The company my cousin ____ was closed last
year, leaving a lot of debt.
4. I only ____ that I have too little money to buy a
house for you.
5. A group of tourists from Taiwan ____ the view
when it began to rain.
6. At last they in the west of America and
started their hard life.
7. It is the bad weather that __ the goats' life in
this area.
☆词语比较☆
1. jommey, voyage, tour, travel, trip
(1) journey n. “旅行，旅程”，指陆地的远程旅行。
At first I was afraid the long joumey was too much for
her.
I wish you a good journey. 祝你一路平安。
(2) tour n. 常指观光、考察等的环游旅行。
They fire on a wedding tour. 他们正在新婚旅行。
(3) trip n. “旅行”，指来往有定的短距离旅行。
I enjoy our trip to the seaside.
I can't afford a trip to Korea．
(4) voyage n.“旅行”，指距离较长的漫长旅行，也可
指空中旅行。
He made a long voyage t0 Africa．
(5) travel泛指旅行各地，表示“旅行的路途远，时问
长”。
He came home after years 0f foreign travel.
多年在旧外旅行之后他回来r。
2. alone, lonely
(1) alone 既可用作形容词，又可用作副词，意为“独
自的(地)，单独的(地)”，侧重于说明独自一个人，没
有同伴或助手，指的是客观情况。
① alone 用作形容词时，一般与be动词连用，在句中
作表语。例如：
She is alone at home. 她一个人在家。
He is not alone in this idea.
有这种想法的不只是他一个人。
② alone 用作副词时，修饰动词，放于动词后面作状
语。
Han Mei was reading alone when the teacher came into
the classroom.
③ alone用作副词也可作定语，意为“只有，仅仅”，但
必须置于它所修饰的名词或代词之后。
He alone was in the street.
This year alone, we've already planted ten thousand
trees.
(2) lonely只用作形容词，它在句中既可作定语，又可
作表语，表示“孤独的，寂寞的”意思，该词带有浓厚
的感情色彩，具有“渴望得到同伴”的含义，其比较级
形式为lonelier。
① lonely 用作定语时，意为“孤单的，无伴侣的，荒凉
的，偏僻的”。
At heart, I'm a lonely man. 内心深处，我很孤独。
That's a lonely island. 那足个孤岛。
② lonely用作表语时，可以表示“孤寂的，寂寞的”意
思。
We never feel lonely in America.
在美国我们从不觉得孤独。
I was alone, but I didn't feel lonely.
我独自一人，但我并不感到孤独。
3. almost, nearly
(1) almost一般指事实的陈述，而nearly则带有一定
的感情色彩。
The book cost me almost 30 yuan. (只陈述事实)
The honk costme nearly 30 yuan. (指嫌贵的意思)
(2) almost 后可跟never, no, none, nobody, nothing
等具有否定意义的词，而nearly不能。
Almost noone got to school on time yesterday.
(3) 在more than, any, too之前通常用almost，而不
用nearly。
Almost more than ten students failed in the exam.
不及格的学生几乎不止十个。
(4) nearly之前可用very, not, pretty修饰，而almast
则不能。
It's very nearly dark. Let's go home.
灭怏黑了，咱们刚家吧!
[注意] 有时almost与nearly町以互换，但如果要表
达“差一点儿”，还足用almost确切。
【短语归类】
7. around the corner 就在附近，即将来临，发生
Victory is just around the comer; make one more
effort.
胜利即将来临，再努一把力。
The bank is around the comer, you can't miss it.
银行就在附近，你不会错过它的。
[拓展] cut corners 偷工减料
cut the corner 抄近路
6. die down 变弱，渐熄，逐渐消失
The excitement died down as time went by.
随着时间的过去，激动心情渐渐平息下来。
The noise has died down. 喧闹声小下来了。
The wind has died down obviously. 风已明显减弱了。
[拓展] die out 死光，灭绝，消失
The fire died out. 火灭了。
die away 指(风，声音) 逐渐消失
The noises of the bovs died away.
男孩子们的吵闹声消失了。
die for 为……而死；渴望；切望
【考点l】含"make + 介词／副词”的短语
① make for 走向，有助于
② make into 把……制成
③ be made from / of / in / by / out of 由……制成
④ make up 弥补，拼凑成，组成，铺(床)。捏造．虚构
⑤ make out 填写，完成，设法应付，领悟，弄明白，发现
真相
⑥ make over 转让，改造
[例句] How did he make out while his wife was away?
他妻子不在家时他足怎么生活的?
We made up the bed in the spare room for our guest. 我
们在空着的房间里给客人铺好床。
I couldn't remember a story to tell the children, so I
made one up as I went along. 我想不出有什么故事可给
孩子讲了，只好现编现讲。
We are making our attic into an extra bedroom. 我们正
在把阁楼装成一间额外的卧室。
Constant arguing doesn't make for a happy marriage. 经
常争吵不利于维系美满的婚姻。
【考例1】(2003北京春招) The idea puzzled me so much
that I stopped for a few seconds to try to ____.
A. make it out B. make it off
C. make it up D. make it over
[考查目标] 此题主要考查四个短语的意思。
[答案与解析]Amake out领悟。弄明白。发现真相；
make off连忙跑掉；make up弥补。打扮，组成；make
over转让，改造。本句意为：因为受到迷惑。所以应该试
图发现真相。
9. make up 组成，构成，补充，编造
The workers and peasants make up the majority of the
populationn of our country.
工人和农民占我国人口的大多数。
We must make up his loss somehow.
我们必须想办法弥补他的损失。
The whole story is made up.
这个事情完全是虚构出来的。
The actor made himself uD as an old peasant.
这个演员把自己化装成一个老农民。
8. take up 对……产生兴趣；从事；占用
Her time is fully taken uD with writing.
她的时间完全被写作占满了。
This table takes uD too much room.
这张桌子太占地方。
[拓展] bring up 抚养，教育come up 上来，抬头
eat up 吃光end up 结束keep up 保持make up
组成，弥补pick up 拣起put up 张贴stay up 熬
夜，挺住set up 建立turn up 出现wake up 醒来
【考点2】含 “with构成的动词短语”
① be fed up with 厌倦
③ be filled with 充满
③ catch up with 赶上
④ come up with 找到，提出(答案、解决办法等)
⑤ get on well with 与……相处融洽
⑥ quarrel with 吵架
⑦ stay / keep / be in touch with 与……保持联系
⑧ end up with 以……告终
⑨ keep up with 跟上，赶上
⑩ come to terms with 甘心忍受。使自己顺从于某事物⑨ talk with 与某人交谈
⑥ agree with 同意……意见(想法)，符合，一致
⑩ disagree with 不同意
⑩ struggle / fight with 和……战斗／斗争
⑩ work with 用……干，和……工作
⑩ put up with 忍受
[例句] Filled with smoke, the room is not pleasant to
stay in. 房间里烟雾弥漫，在里面呆着不舒服。
She came up with a new idea for increasing sales. 她想
出了增加销售量的新主意。
You'll just have to come to terms with the fact that you
are fired. 你不得不接受的现实情况是你被解雇了。
The child was fed up with listening to tim same story.
孩子厌烦听同一个故事。
I can't keep up with all the changes in computer tech-
nology．计算机技术的各种改进有些我已经跟不上了。
【考例2】(2001京、蒙、皖春招)Would you slow down a
bit, please? I can't ____ you.
A. keep up with B. put up with
C. make up to D. hold on to
[考查目标] 此题主要考查四个短语的意思。
[答案与解析]Akeep up with 跟上；put up with 忍
受；make up to 是错误搭配；hold on to 坚持。本句话意
思是“请你慢一点儿好吗?我跟不上”。
【考点3】含“动词构成的of短语”
① be afraid of 害怕
② be proud of 以……自豪
③ be full of 充满
④ hear of 听说
⑤ make use of 利用
⑥ speak highly of 称赞
⑦ think highly of 对……高度评价
⑧ take care of 照顾，照料
⑨ think of 认为，想起
⑩ take possession of 占有，占领
⑩ be sure of 对……有把握
⑩ rob...of... 抢劫……
⑩ think of...a...认为……是……
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