7. get through vt.
(1) 做完；读完；写完；吃完
How long does it take you to get through a letter?
你写一封信要花多少时间?
(2) 通过(考试、议案等)
He got through the driving license test last week.
上周他通过了驾驶执照考试。
(3) 穿越；穿过
The alley aheadis narrow, so atruck can't get through
it.
前面的巷子很窄，所以卡车没办法通过。
(4) 给……接通电话
A little patience, and I'll get you through.
耐心一点，我就给你接通电话。
[拓展] get through 也可用作不及物动词，意为“(电
话)接通”。
I called all day yesterday, but I couldn't get through
(to you).
昨天我打了一天电话，但是都没办法联络到你。
【考点2】含give的短语
①give sb. a hand 给某人帮个忙
② give a concert 开音乐会
③ give up 放弃
④ give in 让步，投降
⑤ give birth to 生(孩子)
⑥ give off 发出(蒸汽，光)
⑦ give out 分发，用完，耗尽
⑧ give away 分发，泄露．放弃
⑨ give back 还，恢复
[例句] He gave up his seat to an old woman. 他把座位
让给一个老太太。
The authorities showed no signs of giving in to the
kidnapper's demands. 当局对绑架者的要求没有丝毫让
步的迹象。
Marx's ideas gave birth to communism. 马克思的思想
孕育了共产主义。
【考例2】(2002京、蒙、皖春招)
-- Smoking is bad for your health.
-- Yes, I know. But I simply can't ____.
A. give it up B. give it in
C. give it Out D. give it away
[考查目标]此题主要考查give短语的用法。
[答案与解析]A give up 放弃，戒掉；give in 屈服，让
步；give out 分发；give away 赠送，给予。本段对话讨
论的是有关戒烟的事，最后一句话意思是“但我只是戒
不掉”。
【考点4】含hold的短语
① hold on 等一等，不挂断
② hold on to 抓住……不放
③ hold a sport meeting 举行运动会
④ hold up 举起，拿起，延误，耽搁
⑤ hold back 阻止，抑制
⑥ hold down 压制，压低
⑦ hold off 拖延
⑧ hold out 伸出，摆出，支持
⑨ hold to 坚持
[例句] Hold on, everything will be all right. 坚持下去，
一切都会好的。
Construction of new plants has been held up. 新工厂的
建设搁浅了。
【考例4】(NMET 2002) We thought of selling this old
furniture, but we've decided to ____ it. It might be
valuable.
A. hold on to B. keep up with
C. turn to D. look after
[考查目标] 此题主要考查四个短语的辨析。
[答案与解析]Ahold on to 不要放弃；keep up with 跟
上；turn to 转向；look after 照看。本句话的意思是“我
们本想把这件旧家具卖掉，但是我们决定还是不卖它，
它可能有价值”。
4. look into vt.
(1) 注视……的内部，往……里面看
She looked into the room and saw nothing.
她往房间里窥视，但什么也没看见。
The man looked into the girl's eyes and wanted to say
something.
那人盯着女孩的眼睛，想要说些什么。
(2)调查，检查
The committee is looking into the cause of the
accident.
委员会正在调查事故的原因。
11. more than
(1) more than“(数量)超过……以上”
People more than 18 years of age have the right to vote
in China.
在中国年满18岁的人拥有选举权。
[提示] more than one后接单数名词时，在语意上虽
为复数，但用单数的谓语动词。
More than one house was burnt down in the fire.
不止一间房屋在火灾中被烧毁。
[拓展] more than + 名词可译为“不只是”，相当于
not only；more than + 形容词、副词或动词可译为
“很，非常" --- very；more than + 含有can的从句可
译为“不”，常用来表示否定意义。
Tom and Jack are much more than classmates. They are
close friends.
汤姆和杰克两人远不只是同学，他们还是知心朋友。
What they did more than satisfied us.
他们所做的事使我们非常满足。
The cold was more than the children could bear.
寒冷是孩子们不能忍受的。
8. up and down adv. & prep.
(1) 上上下下
The boys went up and down the stone steps.
那些男孩在那段石阶上走上走下。
(2) 前前后后，相当于back and forth或backwards
and forwards。
The teacher walked up and down (in) the classroom,
with a book under his arm.
那位老师在教室里踱来踱去，胳膊底下挟着一本书。
(3) 到处，处处，相当于here and there。
I have looked for it up and down．
我到处都找过了。
(4) 来来往往，相当于come and go
In the street, cars are busy rushing up and down.
大街上，车辆来来往往。
【考点1】含“动词 + through"构成的短语
① go through 通过，经受，仔细检查
② get through 用完，完成某事，及格，接通，渡过难关
③ look through 仔细检查，快速阅读
④ put through 完成，达成。供某人上(学校)
⑤ carry through 贯彻／进行到底
[例句] Let's start; there's a lot of work to get through.
开始吧，有大批工作要做呢。
The government is putting through some radical social
reforms. 政府正在实行某些彻底的社会改革。
Always look your work through before handing it in. 交
作业前一定要仔细检查。
【考例1】(2005浙江) I couldn't ____. The line was
busy.
A. go by
B. go around
C. get in
D. get through
[考查目标] 此题主要考查四个短语的辨析。
[答案与解析]D用来表示电话接通的短语是get
through。go by 可以指“走过，路过”，也可以指“时间的
流逝”；get in 意为“进入、参加、收获、插入”；go
around意为“流传”。
[牛刀小试2]
1. They ____ all the details of the plan time and
again to make sure that the project went smoothly.
A. got through B. went through
C. got over D. dipped into
2. -- What's the matter with you?
-- After thelongwalk, my legs ____ and
couldn't go any further.
A. gave out B. gave off
C. gave in D. gave up
3. If traffic moves at low speeds, the number of acci-
dents is ____.
A. pulled back B. cut down
C. cut off D. turned off
4. Our flight was ____ by the thick fog. So we
didn't attend the meeting on time.
A. broken off B. kept up
C. taken up D. held up
☆词语比较☆
1. divide, separate
divide 侧重于把原来的整体分成若干部分；separate
把原来联合在一起的或靠近的人或物分离开来。
separate 多与 from一起搭配使用。
[提示] divide 构成的习惯搭配；
divide sth. in half / into halves 把……分成两半
Only a narrow strait separates North America from
Asia.
仅仅一条海峡把北美洲与亚洲分开了。
Divide line A into six equal parts.
将线段A分为六等份。
2. emotion, feeling
这两个名词的一般含义都是“感情”。emotion也具
有feeling的含义，但是它的“感情”却多了一层“激
动”的意义。是表示喜怒哀乐等强烈的“感情”或者
“情绪”。可以说emotion = strong feelings。
A smile can open doors and tear down walls, and it can
be used to expres almost any emotion.
一个笑容可以开启封闭的门户，可以拆除阻隔的障
碍，可以表达几乎所有的感情。
The film aroused the emotion of the audience.
那部电影激起了观众们的情绪。
feeling一般表示“感觉”，feeling用复数形式表示“感
情”。feelings所表示的“感情”可以足愉快的或痛苦
的，也可以是喜爱的或厌恶的，而且这种反应既可能
足精神的也可能是肉体的。除非根据上下文或者修
饰语，一般看不出feeling的心理反应的性质。
You will hurt her feelings badly if you say so.
如果你这样说，你会深深地伤害她的感情的。
All the Chinese have very strong feelings on that
subject.
所有中国人在这个问题方面都有强烈的情绪。
☆句型诠释☆
1. In France, a person seeing the sanle gesture will think
it means zero.
在法国，一位看到这一相同手势的人会认为它的意
思是零。
seeing the same gesture 是现在分词短语作定语，相当
于一定语从句who sees the same gesture。中学英语
中，常用现在分词作定语。单个的分词作定语应置
于被修饰词之前，分词短语作定语应置于被修饰词
之后。
The girl looked at the falling leaves and was sad by
herself.
女孩看着正在飘落的树叶，暗自伤神．．
The power station being built now will be one of the
largest in China.
现在正在建设着的发电站将是中国最大的发电站之
一。
2. While there are many different interpretations of our
body language, some gestures seem to be universal.
尽管对身势语有许多不同的解释，有些动作却好像
是全球化的。
while 此处不是引导时间状语从句，作“当……时候”
讲，也不是表对比，作“而，然而……”讲，而是引导让
步状语从句，意为“尽管；虽然”。
My brother is very tall while I am so short.
我弟弟很高而我却这么矮。(表对比)
He took a bath while I was preparing dinner.
他在洗澡的时候我正在准备晚餐。(当……时候)
While she was cooking, the children were playing
outside.
她做饭时，孩子们在外面玩。(与……同时)
While I understand your viewpoint, I don't agree with
you.
虽然我了解你的见解，我却不同意你。(虽然，尽管)
3. Many people come to theme parks looking for thrills
and entertainment.
许多人来到主题公园寻找刺激和娱乐。
句中looking for thrills and entertainment用作状语，
表示伴随情况。
The children rail away，running and laughing.
这些孩子连跑带笑地走r。
They stood there for an hour．watching the game.
他们站在那儿看了一个小时的比赛。
【现在分词作状语特别提示】
现在分洲在句中还可以表示以下几种情况：
① 时间状语：
Walking around the city, we were impressed by the
city's new look.
在城里走时，城市的新容给我们留下深刻印象。
② 条件状语：
Staying here for some time, you'll find the people here
are friendly.
若在此呆上一段时间，你会发现这里的人们很友好。
③ 原因状语：
Thinking he might be at home. I telephoned him.
考虑到他可能在家，我就给他打了电话。
4. Having enjoyed the rides at the Headland, visitors can
take the shuttle to the low-land.
在海角游玩了骑马之后，旅游者们可以乘火车去低地。
Having enjoyed the rides at the Headland 是现在分词
的完成形式，在句中作状语，强调enjoy这一动作在
take之前发生。
Having watered the vegetables, they began to pick the
apples．
他们浇完了蔬菜之后就开始摘苹果。
Having been told many times, he still couldn't
understand it.
已经被告诉好几次了。他仍然不能理解它。
【句型归纳】
【考点1】And if we ale feeling down or lonely, there is
nothing better than to see the smiling face of a good
friend. 如果我们情绪低落或者感到孤独，那么没有比
看到好友的笑脸更好的了。
该句巾的 nothing better 表示最高级。例如：
There is nothing better than to be with the person who
you love very much. 没有比与自己非常喜欢的人在一
起更好的了。
【考例 1】(NMET 1996) How beautifully she sings ! I
have never ____.
A. the better voice B. a good voice
C. the best voice D. a better voice
[考查目标] 形容词的比较级表达最高级含义。
[答案与解析]D句子中的never + better = best。该句
表示的是“This is the best voice that I have ever
heard.”
【考点2】Walk past the Big Tower Free-fall Ride and the
roller coaster will be on your left. 走过大楼自由落体车
乘。过山车就在你的左边。
该句中的“祈使句 walk past... + and + 句子(常用…一般
将来时)”为一个固定句型。“祈使句 + and + 句子”，句
子中的祈使句相当于if条件状语从句。句子中的
“and”还可以用“or”。“and I / or”也可以用破折号代替。
还要注意祈使句的其他用法。例如：
Work hard and you will achieve success in time. = If
you work hard．you will achieve Success in time. 如果你
努力学习，你将来一定会取得成功。
Work hard or you'll regret some day in the future. = If
you don't work hard．you will regret some day in the
future. 如果你不努力学习，你将来一定会后悔的。
【考例2】(2004湖北) ____ straight on and you'll
see a church.
A. Go B. Going
C. If you go D. When going
[考查目标] 祈使句。
[答案与解析]A句子的意思是“一直往前走，你就会
看到一座教堂”。应该用 go 构成祈使句。
【考点3】It seems that people just can't get enough of
scary rides and exciting adventures. 仿佛人们对惊心动
魄的兜风和刺激冒险永远玩不够。
该句中的it seems that为形式主语的固定句型。例如：
It seems that there is no way Out of our difficulty. 我们
似乎无法摆脱困境。
it作形式主语，常见的固定句型有：
(1) It be + 名词 + that clause
(2) It be + 形容词 + that clause
(3) It be + 过去分词 + that clause
(4) It seems / happened / turned out / oceurred to sb +
that clause
(5) It doesn't make any differences / doesn't matter +
that clause
(6)It + vt + sb + that clause
其中在(1)与(2)句型中有时也可以用不定式或v-ing
短语代替that从句作真正的主语。
【考例3】(NMET 1995 )____ is a fact that English
is being accepted as an international language.
A. There B. ThisC. That D. It
[考查目标] 形式主语。
[答案与解析]D根据句子的结构，需要一个形式主
语。所以选it。
【考点4】Instead of rolling, twisting and looping like the
roller coasters, thrill rides use technology and special
effects to give you a thrill. “动感电影”不像过山车。并
不翻滚、摇摆、翻跟头，而是利用高科技和特技效果给
人以刺激。
该句中的instead of为复杂介词，表示“而不是，代替，
替代”。instead of后是被否定的内容．常可以跟名词、
代词或wing形式等，可以与in place of辛辛换。而in-
stead是一个副词，单独使用。instead和instead of可
以互换，但要注意结构和语序大不相同。例如：
Instead of smiling, each of them nlade a face. 他们每个
人不是笑嘻嘻的．而是做了一个鬼脸。
She will visit the Great Wall instead of the Palace Mu—
seum. 她将去游览长城，而不是故宫。
He didn't buy a reference book. He bought a dictionary,
instead. = He bought a dictionary instead of a reference
book yesterday. 他昨天买了一本字典，而不是一本参考
书。
They have been playing all afternoon instead of getting
on with their study. = They haven't been getting on
with their study all afternoon. They have been playing,
instead. 他们整个下午一直玩，而不是在学习。
【考例4】(NMET 1998) 短文改错：
We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead
ourselves. (92题)
[考查目标] instead 与instead of 的区别。
[答案与解析]instead 后加ofnstead后有反身代词，
需要介词。句子意思是“我们必须记住我们是为整个
队比赛，而不是我们自己”。
[牛刀小试3]
l. In fact ____ is a hard job for the police to keep
order in an important football match, (2001 上海)
A. this B. that
C. there D. It
2. ____blood if you can and many lives will be
saved. (2001 上海春招)
A. Giving B. Give
C. Given D. To give
3. Stand over there ____ you'll be able to see it bet-
ter. (2004 天津)
A. or B. while
C. but D. and
4. Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt anyone in the class
has ____ IQ. (2002)
A. a high B. a higher
C. the higher Do the higher
【交际速成】
【考点1】Making offers and requests提供和请求帮助
(2000年上海)一Shalll help you with that suitcase?
-- ____.
A. It's all right, thanks
B. Yes, go ahead please
C. I don't want to troubIe you too much
D. No, please don't do it
[答案与解析]A本题考查提供帮助的应答用语。A
项是谢绝提供帮助的答语。B项正确说法应为：Yes，
please. C项属汉化用语，D项正确说法应为：No, thank
you. 或No, don't bother.
【归纳】提供和请求帮助的常见用语有：
(提供帮助)
① Can / Shall I help you with that?
② would you Iike me to...?
③ What can I do for you?
④ Is there anything eIse I can do for you?
⑤ Let me take you bag.
⑥ would you like some help?
⑦ Do you need some help with that?
(请求帮助)
① Could you please...?
② Can / Could you give me a hand with this?
③ Would you do me a favor?
④ May I ask a favor of you?
⑤ Could you help me with...?
⑥ Do me the favor to do sth.
(接受提供的帮助)
① That's very nice of you.
② Yes, please.
③ Yes, thanks.
④ Thank you. That would be nice / fine.
⑤ Thank you for your / the help.
(谢绝提供的帮助)
① No, thanks / thank you.
② Thank you all the same.
③ That's very kind of you, but l can manage it myself.
④ No, it's all right. I can manage.
⑤ Please don't bother / trouble.
【考点2】Asking and giving direction 女问路和指路
____, but carl you teIl me how to get to the post
office?
A. I'm sorry B. Do me a favor
C. Excuse me D. Pardon
[答案与解析]C 本题考查问路时的功能用语。英语
国家的人们常以Excuse me开头来问路。所以C项符
合语境。
【归纳】英语中表示问路的用语有：
① Excuse me. Where's the washroom?
② Can you tell me how to get the post office?
③ Excuse me. Which bus goes to the world Park?
④ Exeuse me. Which the way to the Bank of China?
⑤ Excuse me. Could you tell me the way to the station,
please?
⑥ How ean l get to N0. 4 Middle School?
⑦ Excuse me. Am I going In the right direction?
⑧ Does this roed lead to..., please?
⑨ Where can I find..., please?
表示指路的用语有：
① It's in that direction.
② Go down / up this path / street / road...
③ It's south / north of the...
④ Turn left / right at the first / second crossing / cor—
ner. You can't miss it.
⑤ It's over there.
⑥ It's about 400 meters ftom here.
⑦ You can take bus No. 103.
⑧ You'd better take a taxi there.
⑨ Sorry. I don't know. I'm a stranger here.
[牛刀小试 4】
1.-- Could you tell me the way to the railway station?
-- Sorry, ____ I'm never around here, too.
A. but B. or
C. and D. however
2. -- No, I'm afraid he isn't in. This is his secretary
speaking. Can I help you?
-- ____.
A. Oh, you will
B. Oh, that's a pity
C. I should think so
D. Well, I look forward to hearing from you
3. -- I want to go to the library, but I'm afraid I'm not
in the right ____.
-- ____. Go ahead.
A. way; No B. distance; No
C. direction; Yes D. side; Yes
4. -- Would you please come to help me with my home-
work tomorrow?
-- ____.
A. My pleasure
B. It depends
C. You're welcome
D. I'm glad to hear that
☆精典题例☆
( ) 1. In rome parts of London, missing a bus mearks
____ for another hour. (2002 上海春季)
A. waiting B. to wait
C. wait I). to be waiting
【解析】选A本题考查动词mean的用法。mean to
do“打算做某事”，mean doing “意味着……，意思是……”，
本句意为：“在伦敦的某些地区，错过一班车意味着再等一
个小时”，故此题应是mean doing sth．结构。
( )2. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when
____ at the meeting by my boss. (2004 全国 IV)
A. questioning B. having questioned
C. questioned D. to be questioned
【解析】选C考查分词的用法。据与它的主语一致
原则，句中的I一定是被质问，且是过去的事实，并没有将
来之意，不能选D，只能选C。
()3. "Can't you read?" Mary said ____ to the
notice.
A. angrily pointing
B. and point angrily
C. angrily pointed
D. and angrily pointing
【解析】选A 本题考查了现在分词表示伴随情况的
用法。C项缺少并列连词and；B、D两项属于动词时态错
误。要将动词变成过去式，才能构成谓语。
( )4. According to thc art dealer, the painting ____
to go for at least a million dollars.
A. is expected B. expects
C. expected D. is expecting
【解析】选A此题考查被动语态的用法。painting
同expect的关系是被动的，故用被动语态，选A。
( )5．She thought I was talking about her daughter,
____, infact, Iwastal kingaboutmy
daughter.
A. whom B. where
C. which D. while
【解析】选D该题从结构上看似乎是考查非限定性
定语从句中关系词的用法。但从前后两句的内容来看是
考查并列连词。in fact插入句中有一定的迷惑作用，此处
whiIe作并列连词用，表示前后对照／对比。全句的意思
是：“她以为我在谈论她的女儿，而实际上，我是在谈论我
的女儿。”
( )6. We'll be shown around the city: schools,
museums and some other places, ____ other
visitors seldom go. (2002北京市)
A. what B. which
C. where D. when
【解析】选C some other places为先行词，定语从句
中的go为不及物动词，表地点的先行词在定语从句中作
状语。
( )7. The journey around the world took the old sailor
nine months ____ the sailing time was 226
days. (2004 全国III)
A. of which B. during which
C. ftomwhich D. for which
【解析】选A根据句意，填空部分为“其中”之意。
( )8. All morning as she waited for the medical report
from the doctor, her nervousness ____. (2003
年全国)
A. has grown B. is growing
C. grew D. had grown
【解析】选C根据all morning和时间状语从句中的
谓语动词，可判断出应用一般过去时。一般过去时可用于
表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
()9. I shall stay in the hotel aIl day ____ there is
news of the missing c hild．(2002年上海春)
A. in case B. nomatter
C. in any case D. ever since
【解析】选A in case为连词，意为“万一，以防”。
( )10. People may have different opinions about Karen,
butIadmireher. ____, sheisagreat
musician.
A. After all B. As a result
C. In other words D. As usual
【解析】选A after all“毕竟”；as a resuIt“结果是”；in
other words“换句话说”；as usual“像往常”。
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