高三英语知识点：逆向思维 巧用修饰（1）
南开中学 段胜利二、近形辨析和运用构词法
英语中的很多形容词和副词，如surprising(ly)，surprised(ly)等，都来自它们自身的动词，如上面两个词来自做动词的surprise(vt);还有很多形容词和副词，通过前后缀的变化，又衍生出来很多词，如imaginable，imaginative，imaginary等，这样就有了很多近形词，对这些词的辨析和理解，也是正确使用形容词和副词修饰的一个很重要的内容。
例一 请回答下面这一组题
1.Our attitude toward our teachers should be _____, but not slavish or superstitious.
A. respectable B. respected
C. respective D. respectful
2. No one imagined that the apparently _____businessman was really a criminal.
A. respectful B. respectable
C. respective D. respected
答案D B。辨别这组形近字，可以运用构词法的知识。后缀able，“能…的”;后缀ful “be full of”的意思;后缀-ive，表示“…的”。由此知道，respectable，值得尊敬的,品行端正的;respectful有礼貌的，表示尊敬的;respective各个的;respected受尊敬的。
例二：The number of tickets _____ will be determined by the size of the stadium.
A. adaptable B. acceptable
C. advisable D. available
答案D。本题选项均为able后缀。因此，可以从其本词上进行辨析。available可用的, 有效的, 可得到的;acceptable 可以接受的;adaptable 能适应的;advisable，能建议的。
例三：I'm afraid this painting is not by Picasso. It's only a copy and so it's _____.
A. priceless B. invaluable
C. unworthy D. worthless
答案D。worthless 无价值的, 无用的。priceless 无价(格)的, 贵重的, 无法估价的;invaluable 无法估价的, 非常宝贵的。unworthy 不值得的, 不配的; 无价值的。
例四：It is quite necessary for a qualified teacher to have good manners and ___ knowledge.
A. extensive B. expansive
C. intensive D. expensive
答案A。从上面的几个动词可以看出几个形容词的区别，如extensive的动词为extend，指空间和时间的延长，扩展;expansive的动词为expand，膨胀。由此，可以看出extensive knowledge为广泛的知识。
例五：Tom sounds very much _____in the job, but I’m not sure whether he can manage it.
A. interested B. interesting
C. interestingly D. interestedly
答案A。上面几个词都来自其动词interest，及物动词。(the job)interest(Tom)，可以看出这里要选择interested。注意不要选择interestedly，因为sounds是连系动词。
例六：Comrade Li Dazhao, ___ librarian of Beijing University, was one of the founders of the Chinese Communist Party.
A. sometimes B. sometime
C. some time D. some times
答案B。sometime置于名词前，表示曾经，以前。sometimes，有时;some time，有些时间;some times，有些词。由此还要提醒同学们注意还有一些词分写与合写意义不同，如every day(可做副词)与everyday(形容词)等。
例七：In spite of the thunderstorm, the children slept _____ all night.
A. densely B. soundly
C. loudly D. noisily
答案B。sleep soundly熟睡。也可以说sleep heavily，sleep deeply等。
例八：He thought this was the first pair of shoes that had fitted him _____.
A. perfectly B. justly
C. fairly D. rightly
答案A。perfectly，完全地;justly公正地，正当地;rightly正确地，恰当地;fairly公正地，正当地。
三、异形异义与认知修饰搭配
高考对形容词和副词等修饰语的考查，很大比重都是异形异义词的修饰搭配问题，而要掌握好这样的搭配，就要加强听读，做到广泛认知，“水到”才能“渠成”。要特别留意自己新听到、见到的修饰结构，注意词的修饰与被修饰的积累，只有这样，在回答形容词和副词等修饰语题目时才能得心应手。
例一：Having said he would mend the clock, he discovered that he had not brought the _____ tools for the job.
A. concise
B. correct
C. right
D. precise
答案C。right 适当的，恰当的;concise 简明扼要的，correct 正确的;exact 确切的。
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