高三英语第一轮复习教案语法：名词性从句
名词性从句根据句子的结构可分为：① 简单句——一主一谓
②并列句——由等立连词and, but, so, for把两个（以上）的简单句连在一起构成。
③复合句——一个主句+从句（一个或以上）构成。
定义
根据从句在复合句中的作用，分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。
名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。
总述
1.主语从句——在句中作主语，可用it作形式主语
e.g. What you said sounds reasonable.
It is well known/reported/thought/said/… that…
It is natural/surprising/necessary/certain/true/clear… that…
It is a pity/a shame/an honour/no surprise/no wonder… that…
It doesn’t matter whether…
It seems\appears that… It happens that…碰巧
2. 表语从句-----位于系动词之后,表语从句还可用as if/as though/because/why引导
e.g. The question is who can complete the difficult task.
３．同位语从句-----跟在名词后面，进一步说明该名词的具体内容。名词主要有：fact, news（word）, promise, idea, truth, thought, suggestion, hope, proposal, doubt等。一般用that引导，不省略，不用which..也可用whether (不用if), who, what, which, when, where, how , why
e.g. The news that our team has won the match is true.
4．宾语从句
1）作及物动词或介词的宾语（it可作形式宾语；注意whether和if区别）
2)直接引语和间接引语
I doubt whether\if he will keep his word.I don’t doubt that our team will win.
一．引导词
1.从属连词有that, whether, if。它们只起连接作用，不充当从句的任何成分
2.连接代词有who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whoever, whichever等。它们在从句中起连接作用，本身又作从句的主语、宾语、宾补或定语。
3．连接副词有when, where, why, how 等，它们既起连接作用，本身又作从句的状语。
how many(much, far, long, often, soon)等引导主语、宾语、表语从句
二．语序： 名词性从句中一律用陈述句语序
When he will arrive is not known.
I don't know how I can get through the exam.
三．时态
1．在宾语从句中，当主句是一般现在时，其从句的谓语根据各种需要用各种时态
Mary is very diligent. Mary was very diligent.
Mary is reading English. Tom said Mary was reading English.
Tom saysMary will give us a talk. Mary would give us a talk.
Mary has been caught in the rain. Mary had been caught in the rain.
但是，宾语从句表示事实、格言、谚语等，从句的时态仍用一般现在时。
2．在主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句中，也要注意主从句的谓语动词要一致，关键要注意动作发生的先后。
Who will win the first prize in the contest is not known to us.
Have you any idea why he was so rude?
四、语气
1．只要表示“命令、建议、要求”的各类名词性从句，都要用虚拟语气 should + 动词原形，should 可以省略。
五．宾语从句否定词的转移
六、 if和whether表“是否”，一般情况下可以通用，下列情况下不可通用。
1．主语从句句首 2．表语从句 3．介词之后
4．不定式之前 5．紧跟or not 6.同位语从句
7.宾语从句前移Whether she will win the game, I’m not sure.
七．that和what
that不充当任何成分，what可以在从句中充当成分：主语、宾语、表语。that在宾语从句中可以省略。下面几种情况不可以省略：
1．主语从句 2. 表语从句
3. 同位语从句
Once Aristotle had made up his mind that heavy objects always fell faster than light objects.
4. it作形式宾语，that 引导的真正宾语从句
They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job.
5. 两个或多个并列的that引导的宾语从句，只有第一个that可省
Mr. smith told the workers (that) John had worked very hard and that he wanted him stay.
八．1． Whoever=anyone who, whichever, whatever=anything that = 名词/代词+（相关的）连接代词
He gave whoever came to the door a smile. = He gave any person who came to the door a smile.
比较：He asked me who broke the glass.（正确）他问我是谁打的玻璃。
He asked me whoever broke the glass.（错误）
Whoever goes against law shall be punished.（正确）违法的人将受罚。
Who goes against law shall be punished.（错误）
2．wh-ever与no matter wh-的用法区别
wh-ever可引导名词性从句，让步状语从句；no matter wh-只能引导让步状语从句
Whatever I said, he wouldn’t listen to me.让步状语从句
==No matter what I said, he wouldn’t listen to me.
He would believe whatever I said.宾语从句
九．同位语从句的that和定语从句的that的区别
1. The news that our team had won made us very happy.
同位语从句，that在抽象名次之后，对其作补充说明，在从句中不充当成分，不可省
2. The news (that) he brought us made us very happy.
定语从句，that在定语从句中充当主语或宾语，作宾语可省。
名词性从句考点归纳
一、名词性从句的语序：陈述语序
(1) that 和whether/if引导的从句
She sensed something.
A tall man in a dark coat was staring at her
She sensed that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark coat.
She wondered.
Would the buses still be running?
She wondered if/whether the buses would still be running.
2) 疑问词引导的名词性从句也要求使用陈述句语序，不能用一般疑问句（倒装）语序。
他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。
How was he successful is still a puzzle.(F)
How he was successful is still a puzzle.(T)
你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？
Could you tell me where he lives? (T)
Could you tell me where does he live? (F)
1. 主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分
1). That he will succeed is certain.
2)Whether he will go there is not known.
3)What he said is not true.
4)Where he hid the money is to be found out.
5)Whoever comes is welcome.
6)It’s certain that he will succeed.
7) How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting.
8) When they’ll start the project has not been decided yet.
由 that 引导:
1. That we shall be late is certain.
2. _____________________ is known to all. (地球是圆的)
3. ________________________ is a pity. (你错过了这次机会)
Keys
2. That the earth is round
3. That you missed the chance
总结： that 无意义, 后接一个完整的句子，that 不可省。
考点一:主语从句后置!
为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。
例:
That we shall be late is certain.
-- It’s certain that we shall be late.
1. That the earth is round is known to all.
--
2. That you missed the chance is a pity.
--
由连词 whether 和 if, 连接代词 what, who, which 和连接副词 when, where, why, how 等引导.也常常后置:
It doesn’t matter if/whether he is a foreigner.
It is a question whether he is willing to come.
It is unknown how she has reduced her weight in such a short time
It 的用法： （形式主语）
It’ possible/important/necessary/clear… that……很可能/重要的是…/必要的是…/很清楚…
It’s said/ reported… that..据说/据报道…
It’s been announced/declared that..已经通知/宣布…
It seems/appears/happens.. that…显然、明显、 碰巧..
It’s no wonder that…并不奇怪/无疑…
It’s a pity/a fact /a common knowledge (众所周知）
/ a common saying….（俗话说）
It is well known /reported / thought/said…that…
It is clear/ necessary/certain/ true/doubtful…that…
It is a pity/a shame/an honour/that…
It doesn’t matter whether…
It seems that…
It happens that…
考点二 注意：主语从句中 ，谓语动词一般用单数
What引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定
What he needs _is_ that book?
What he needs _are_ some book?
宾语从句：1.从句在句中充当宾语成分（ 可以作谓语动词、介词、形容词，不定式等非谓语动词的宾语）
连词：that, whether, if （that 常可省略） who, what, which, whoever, whatever, when, where,why, how
1). They know that the habit will kill them.
2).It all depends on whether they will support us.
3) I am afraid that he didn’t call me.
4).He made it clear to the public that he did an important and necessary job.
5).I find it necessary that we should do the homework.
用if 或whether 填空
1. I don’t know _______ I’ll be free tomorrow.
2. I don’t know _______ or not I’ll be free tomorrow.
3. The question is ______ this book is worth writing.
4. It depends on ______ we will have enough money.
5. ______ they can do it matters little to us.
6._______ you are not free tomorrow, I’ll go without you
Keys: 1.Whether/if 2. whether 3.whether 4.whether 5. whether 6. If
2).that在宾语从句中的省略与保留
a.在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句(真正宾语) 的句型中不省略.
eg: We must make it clear that we mean what we say.
I don’t think it right that you leave home without telling your parents.
b.由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第二个that 不省略.
eg: He told me（ that） he would come and that he would come on time.
宾语从句的时态呼应
1. 如果主句时态是现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态.
a .他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的.
He believes _________________________ .
b .请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么.
Please tell me _________________________.
a. his dream will come true some day
b. what you were doing at this time yesterday
2. 如果主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的
某种时态,但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规
律等时，从句谓语通常用一般现在时。
1). 他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。
He told me ______________________ .
2). 他说他已离开家乡十年了。
He told me ______________________.
3). 老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。
The teacher tell us ______________________
1. he was preparing for the examination
2. He had been away from his hometown for ten years
3. light travels in a straight line.
3. 表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后. 作用：对主语进行解释说明。
连接词：that / whether /as if /as though（ if 不引导表语从句)
连接代词：who / whom / whose / which / what
连接副词：when / where / why / how / because
The question is whether we can rely on him.
That’s because we were in need of money at that time.
He looked as if he was going to cry.
That’s why I was late.
because, as if 也可引导表语从句:
1. He is absent today. It’s ________ he is seriously ill. because
2. It looks ________ it’s going to rain again. as if
True or False:
Her suggestion is that we will do it by turns. F
Her suggestion is that we do it by turns. T
4. 同位语从句：从句在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词（ idea, belief, fact ； truth, problem, news 等）后面，对名词作进一步解释说明.
同位语从句常用 that 引导或用连接副词when / where/why / how / whether
1) The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.
2) Word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them.
3).Sydney kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.
三、同位语从句的引导和辨别
1.同位语从句的格式：n.+ 连接词 + 从句
2.能接同位语从句的名词有：fact、idea, news, information, order, belief, suggestion, advice等
3.连接词通常是that,也可根据含义选用whether, what, when, where 等来引导同位语从句。
选词填空that/ whether / where/ how
1. I have no idea _________ he comes from.
2. He can’t answer the question ________ he got the money.
3. He gave us many suggestions ________ we should get up earlier and take more exercise.
4. I have no doubt ________ he will win.
5. I have some doubt ________ he will win.
Keys:1. where 2. how 3. that4. that . 5.whether
名词性从句基础训练题
1. It now appears ______ they are in need of help.
A. that B. which C. what D. how
2. It is good news ______ they will arrive in a few days.
A. which B. what C. that D. how
3. It ______ Joe drives badly.
A. thought that B. thinks that C. is thought that D. is thought that
4. It ______ he is late for class.
A. may that B. might that C. may be that D. might be what
5. This is ______ she was born.
A. where B. which C. that D. what
6. The question is ______ we can’t go there today.
A. that B. what C. which D. when
7. The question is ______ it is worth doing.
A. if B. whether C. which D. what
8. The reason he has made such great progress is _______ he has never wasted his time.
A. because B. why C. that D. what
9. My suggestion is ______ we should turn the land into rice fields.
A. what B. that C. which D. where
10. His proposal is that the dam ______ at the foot of the mountain.
A. build B. will build C. be built D. will be built
11. My advice is that he ______ regular house.
A. keep B. would keep C. keeps D. kept
12.______ knows the truth will tell you about it.
A. Who that B. Whoever C. Whom that D. That who
13. We all know the truth _____ the earth goes round the sun.
A. that B. which C. what D. whether
14. We heard the news ______ our team had won.
A. which B. that C. what D. where
15. The problem ______ it is right or wrong has not yet been decided.
A. which B. that C. whether D. if
16. You must do well ______ the teacher asks you to do.
A. which B. what C. that D. where
名词性从句强化训练题
1．Much to the couple’s comfort, their income is now double it was five years ago．
A．that B．than C．which D．what
2. it takes for us to reduce pressure is important to our emotional health, and crying seems to well.
A. Whatever; work B. Whichever; help C. However; functionD. What; help
3．If the project should be delayed for a day, would mean we would be fined $ 100,000.
A．that B．as C．which D．and it
4．When I try to understand it is that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, is seems to me there are quite a few causes.
A．why; that B．which; as C．what; that D．whether; since
5. There is a feeling in me _______ we will never know what a UFO is.
A. that B. which C. of whichD. what
6. While the total number of farmers engaged in the agriculture production is barely half _____ it used to be in 1959, the size of the average farm has tripled.
A. thatB. what C. which D. how
7. It was after he got he had wanted he realized it was not so important.
A. what; what B. what; that C. that; what D. that; which
8．What if we meet with a situation none of us are able to deal with？
A．where B．in which C．what D．that
9．Advertising is different from other forms of communication the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered.
A．in which B．in order that C．in that D．in the way
10．—Do you think it wise for Chinese mothers to try to do everything for their children?
—No, that’s they are mistaken.
A．where B．what C．when D．how
11. The only problem was ________ we kept getting lost! But London people are very friendly and helpful.
A. why B. whether C. that D. how
12. The fact she had not said anything at the meeting all of us.
A. what; surprised B. what; was surprised
C. that; surprised D. that; was surprising
13. The most exciting thing for him was he finally found two tinned fruits in seemed to him to be a servant's bedroom.
A. that; that B. that; what C. what; that D. what; what
14. Finally they arrived at a place_______ sold cigarettes and other small articles.
A. where B. which C. in which D. what
15. There were two small rooms in the house, ____served as kitchen.
A. the smaller of which B. the small of which
C. the smaller of them????? D. the smaller one
16. It is no longer a question now _____ man can land on the moon.
A. that B. if??? C. whether??? D. what
17. I have the same opinion as you _____ the privacy of one's life should be kept secret.
A. that B. which C. whether D. where
名词性从句高考题
2007年高考
1.____ matters most in learning English is enough practice. (全国卷II)
A. What B. Why C. Where D. Which
2. ______ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader. (上海卷)
A. That B. What C. Whether D. Where
3. The traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. (上海卷)
A. when B. why C. whether D. that
4. Could I speak to--------- is in charge of International Sales, please? (山东卷)
A．anyone B．someone C．whoever D．no matter who
5. You can only be sure of_________ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something _____ you might get in the future. (安徽卷)
A. that; what B. what; / C. which; that D. /; that
6. Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? That’s ______ the best jobs are. (浙江卷)
A. what B. where C. when D. why
7. It is none of your business other people think about you. Believe yourself. (福建卷)
A. how B. what C. which D. when
8. Having checked the doors were closed, and _________ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. (湖南卷)
A. why B. that C. when D. where
9. Choosing the right dictionary depends on ______ you want to use it for. (江苏卷)
A. what B. why C. how D. whether
10. parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. (陕西卷)
A. That B. Which C. What D. As
11. By improving reading skills, you can read faster and understand more of you read．(上海春)
A．that B．what C. which D．whether
12. The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make ________ it is. (天津卷)
A. what B. which C. how D. where
2008年高考
1. The lawyer rarely wears anything other than jeans and a T-shirt ______ the season. （全国I卷）
A. whatever B. wherever C. whenever D. however
2. Students are always interested in finding out _______ they can go with a new teacher. （安徽卷）
A. how far B. how soon C. how often D. how long
3. _____ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing. （福建卷）
A. It B. What C. As D. Which
4. When asked _____ they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved. （湖南卷）
A. what B. why C. whom D. which
5. ______ was most important to her, she told me, was her family. （山东卷）
A. It B. This C. What D. As
6. Animals suffered at the hands of Man ___ they were destroyed by people to make way for agricultural had to provide food for more people. （江西卷）
A. in which B. for which C. so that D. in that
7. ______wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. （浙江卷）
A. Anyone B. The one C. Whoever D. Who
8. Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from ______ their parents speak at home. （浙江卷）
A. what B. that C. which D. one
9. The companies are working together to create they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century. （北京卷）
A. which B. that C. what D. who
10. The last time we had great fun was _____ we were visiting the Water Park. （天津卷）
A. where B. how C. when D. why
11. People in Chongqing are proud of __ they have achieved, in the past ten years. （重庆卷）
A. that B. which C. what D. how
12. All people, __ they are old or young, rich or poor, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster. （重庆卷）
A. even if B. whether C. no matter D. however
13. As his best friend, I can make accurate guesses about ___he will do or think. (上海卷)
A. what B. which C. whom D. that
14.? It has been proved ___ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life. (上海卷)
?A. if B. because C. when D. that
参考答案
名词性从句基础训练题
1-5 ACDCA 6-10 ABCBC 11-16 ABABCB
名词性从句强化训练题
1-5 DAACA 6-10 BBDCA 11-17 CCBBAAA
定语从句高考题
2007年高考
1-5 ABDCB 6-10BBBAC 11-12 BA
2008年高考
1-5 AABAC 6-10 DCACC 11-14 CBAD
(
页:
[1]