2016年高二化学下册必备知识点-化学反应进行的方向讲解
我们都知道化学这门学科在高考理综中的重要地位不言而喻，对知识点进行分类总结可以有效地帮助我们的高中化学学习。我们学大教育为大家带来了2016年高二化学下册必备知识点-化学反应进行的方向讲解，希望可以给大家带来帮助。(一)自发过程与非自发过程：
不借助外力可以自动进行的过程称为自发过程，而必须在外力的作用下才能进行的过程为非自发过程。
说明：
1、体系有着趋于从能量高的状态变为能量低的状态的过程，此时体系对外界做功或放出能量?D?D这一经验规律就是能量判据。能量判据又称焓判据，即△H
2、多数能自发进行的化学反应是放热反应。即反应物的总能量大于生成物的总能量。但并不是放热反应都能自发进行，也不是讲吸热反应就不能自发进行。某些吸热反应也能自发进行，如氯化铵与氢氧化钡晶体的反应，还有一些吸热反应在高温下也能自发进行。
3、混乱度：表示体系的不规则或无序状态。?D?D混乱度的增加意味着体系变得更加无序。熵是热力学上用来表示混乱度的状态函数，符号为S，单位为：J?mol-1?K-1 。?D?D体系的无序性越高，即混乱度越高，熵值就越大。
4、在相同条件下，不同物质的熵值不同，同一物质在不同状态时的熵值大小也不一样，一般而言：固态时熵值最小，气态时熵值最大。
5、熵变：化学反应中要发生物质的变化或物质状态的变化，因此存在混乱度的变化，叫做熵变，符号：△S △S=S产物-S反应物。在密闭条件下，体系由有序自发地转变为无序的倾向?D?D熵增
6、自发过程的熵判据：在与外界隔离的体系中，自发过程将导致体系的熵增大，这一经验规律叫做熵增原理，是判断化学反应方向的另一判据?D?D熵判据。
7、判断某一反应能否自发进行，要研究分析：焓判据和熵判据对反应方向的共同影响。
(二)化学反应进行的方向：
在一定的条件下，一个化学反应能否自发进行，既可能与反应的焓变有关，又可能与反应的熵变有关。在温度、压力一定的条件下，化学反应的方向是熵变和焓变共同影响的结果，反应的判据是：DH-TDS(T为热力学温度，均为正值)。
DH-TDS
DH-TDS=0，反应达到平衡状态;
DH-TDS>0，反应不能自发进行。
即：在温度、压力一定的条件下，自发反应总是向DH-TDS
说明：
1、在判断反应的方向时，应同时考虑焓变和熵变这两个因素。
2、在温度、压强一定的条件下，化学反应自发进行的方向的判据是：
△G = △H-T△S
其中：G 叫作吉布斯自由能。则：
△G = △H -T△S
△G = △H -T△S =0 反应达到平衡状态
△G = △H-T△S >0 反应不能自发进行
3、在温度、压强一定的条件下，焓因素和熵因素共同决定一个化学反应的方向。放热反应的焓变小于零，熵增加反应的熵变大于零，都对DH-TDS
4、当焓变和熵变的作用相反时，如果二者大小相差悬殊，可能某一因素占主导地位。焓变对反应的方向起决定性作用，DH-TDS
5、当焓变和熵变的作用相反，且相差不大时，温度有可能对反应进行的方向起决定性作用，使TDS的值大于DH值，反应能够自发进行。
6、在恒温、恒压下，用DG判断化学反应在该状况时自发进行的方向可列表表示：
http://www.xueda.com/fudao/data:image/png;base64,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
7、△H -T△S只能用于说明该反应在理论上能否在此条件下发生，是一个化学反应发生的必要条件，只是反应的可行性问题。过程的自发性只用于判断过程的方向，并不能确定该反应在此条件下是否一定会发生以及过程发生的速率。
8、△H -T△S只用于一定温度和压强下的化学反应方向的判断，不能说明在其他条件下该反应的方向问题。
2016年高二化学下册必备知识点-化学反应进行的方向讲解经过上文的讲述我们已经知道了，希望同学们可以通过上文所提供的辅导知识更好地学习高二化学中氨气的制取这一知识点。
页:
[1]