高考论坛

 找回密码
 立即注册
查看: 132|回复: 0

英语口诀巧解短文改错

[复制链接]

11万

主题

11万

帖子

33万

积分

论坛元老

Rank: 8Rank: 8

积分
338765
发表于 2016-7-24 09:25:17 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
  短文改错旨在测试考生发现、判断和纠正错误的能力。它要求考生具有词法、句法和在语篇中综合运用英语的能力,因此考点综合性强,覆盖面广,错项设置类型多,是历年高考英语中的难题。
  为了提高做短文改错题的能力,除了要加强基础知识的积累、提高语篇的整体理解能力之外,还应该对其错项设置的基本情况有所了解,以便做到目标明确,有的放矢,从而提高解题的正确率。本文拟从语法和逻辑的角度,用口诀的形式,向同学们介绍高考英语短文改错中最常见的几类错误。
  短文改错口诀
  动词形,名词数,
  注意形和副;
  非谓动词细辨别,
  习惯用法要记住;
  句子成分多分析,
  逻辑错误须关注。
  一.动词形
  主要包括两类错误:动词的时态和语态错误,以及主、谓不一致的错误。例如:
  nmet’98 my favourite sport is football. i was member of our school football team. is
  nmet’00 now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. are
  上述两例分别属于时态错误和主、谓不一致错误。找出此类错误的关键是树立牢固的时态概念,注意短文内容发生或存在的时间,保持时间概念的一致性。
  二.名词数
  指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。例如:
  nmet’01 …so that i’ll get good marks in all my subject. subjects
  三.区分形和副
  及区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。
  这也是高考短文改错的常考点。例如:
  met’95 i’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. wonderful
  nmet’99 unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. unfortunately
  需要注意的是,形容词多用来做定、表、补语等,而副词只能在句子中作状语,修饰动词、
  形容词、副词或整个句子。第一例中的wonderful作定语修饰time,第二句的unfortunately作状语修饰整个句子。
  四. 非为动词细辨别
  这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有分词和动名词类错误,也包括不定式类错误。例如:
  nmet’97 …in my spare time, but now i am interesting in football. interested
  nmet’98 play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also … playing
  nmet’01 my parents love me… and will do all they can ∧ make sure… to
  上述二、三例分别是动名词作主语,和不定式作目的状语。一般的,现在分词有主动态和进行时的含义,而过去分词具有被动态和完成时的含义,不定式有将来时态的含义。
  五.习惯用法要记住
  主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识。这也是历年高考的常考点,其错误表现形式主要有三种:
  多词、少词和搭配错误。
  例如:
  nmet’96 it was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and… of
  nmet’98 we must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ ourselves. of__
  六.句子成分多分析
  不同的句子成分要用不同的词类;不同的语景要选择不同的词语。这些都有待我们对句子结
  构和句子成分作细致的分析,才能找出用词不当的错误。例如:
  nmet’96 they ∧eager to know everything about china and… were
  nmet’97 i live in beijing, where is the capital of china. which
  第一例漏掉了谓语动词were,这是受寒于习惯的影响而导致的错误;第二例则是词类与它在
  句子中的成分不相符,where是副词,不能作主语。
  七.逻辑错误须关注
  与句子的上、下文不一致,甚至相矛盾,属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴,人名、地
  名、时间、方位等方面的错误,常是这类错误的考查对象。例如:
  nmet’96 the smiths did his best to make me feel at home. their
  nmet’97 first, let me tell you something more about myself. 去掉more
  nmet’99 … no way of setting the matter except by selling the set.
  now someone at home reads instead. everyone
  上述第一例中的主语是smiths(史密斯夫妇俩),因此后面的his不合逻辑。第二例中的more
  在这儿表“再”的意思,才开始告诉别人,怎么能说“再告诉你一些事”?第三例讲的是为了解决看电视时的争端,“我们”把电视机卖了;晚上没电视看了,所以与从前一样,大家又都读书了,所以该用everyone。
  除了上述错误类型外,常考的错误形式还有:连词but, and, or和so的用法错误(可以归类为逻辑错误),以及冠词的用法错误等。例如:
  nmet’00 she was smiling but nodding at me. and
  nmet’01 it looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. or
  nmet’01 we may be one family and live under a same roof. the
  下面是2002年全国高考试题中的短文改错题。这道题较全面地反映了本文的口诀。现在请你试着做一做,然后参阅题后的答案与简析。
  last week my parents and i took a two-day trip to emei
  mountain in sichuan. as everyone knows, it’s famous 76. _____
  mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. the weather 77. _____
  was fine. it was about noon we arrived at the foot of 78. _____
  the mountain, the three of them were very excited. as we 79. _____
  climbed the mountain, we ed monkeys, visiting temples 80. _____
  and told stories. on the way up i was busy taking picture 81._____
  since the scenery was so beautiful. the time passes quickly. 82. _____
  evening came down. we spent the night in a hotel at the top 83. _____
  of the mountain. the food was expensive and the service was 84. _____
  good. i was so tired that i fell asleep at the moment my 85. _____
  head touched the pillow.
  答案与简析:
  76.famous前加上a。
  (名词数)。 77. 正确 78. we前面加when,引导一个时间状语从句。(句子成分多分析) 79. them→us (逻辑错误须关注) 80. visiting→visited(非谓动词细辨别) 81. picture→pictures(名词数) 82. passes→passed(动词形) 83. 去掉down(习惯用法要记住) 84. and→but(but, and, or和so) 85. 去掉at(句子成分多分析 / 习惯用法要记住)。
回复

使用道具 举报

您需要登录后才可以回帖 登录 | 立即注册

本版积分规则

小黑屋|手机版|Archiver|新都网

GMT+8, 2025-2-26 06:14 , Processed in 0.072927 second(s), 8 queries , WinCache On.

Powered by Discuz! X3.4

© 2001-2017 Comsenz Inc.

快速回复 返回顶部 返回列表