1．事实细节题的设问特点
（1）常以 when，where，what，which，who，how much/many 等词提问。
（2）以是非 true/false，not true/false 等词提问。
2．正确选项的特点
正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。常用方法就是同义词替换或释义，即把文中语言（词汇和结构）改头换面，来表达相同的意思。
[例] "Poor but honest.” "The deserving （ 值得帮助的） poor.” These words always come to my mind when I think of "the poor.” But I also think of people who， perhaps through alcohol （酒） or drugs， have ruined not only their own lives but also the lives of others in order to give way to their own pleasure. Perhaps alcoholism and drug addiction （上瘾） really are "diseases，” as many people say， but my own feeling-based， of course， not on any serious study-is that most alcoholics and drug addicts belong to the "undeserving poor.” And that is largely why I don’t give spare change to beggars.
64. What does the author think of beggars who take drugs？
A. They should be given a check-up.
B. They really need money to live.
C. They have no pleasure in life.
D. They are not worth helping.
此题答案是D.命题人在这里用 They are not worth helping 来替换了文中的 undeserving poor，表达了相同的意思。
3．干扰选项的特点
（1）无中生有：凭空捏造原文不存在的细节，以迷惑和干扰答题。
[例] Many years ago，when I was fresh out of school and working in Denver，I was driving to my parents’ home in Missouri for Christmas. I stopped at a gas station（加油站）about 50 miles from Oklahoma City，where I was planning to stop and visit a friend. While I was standing in line at the cash register（收款台）I said hello to an older couple who were also paying for gas. I took off，but had gone only a few miles when black smoke poured
from the back of my car. I stopped and wondered what I should do. A car pulled up behind me. It was the couple I had spoken to at the gas station. They said
they would take me to my friend’s. We chatted on the way into the city，and when I got out of the car，the husband gave me his business card.
62. What happened when the author found smoke coming out of his car？
A. He had it pulled back to the gas station.
B. The couple sent him a business card.
C. The couple offered to help him.
D. He called his friend for help.
根据文中意思，此题答案是C.选项A、D都是凭空捏造原文不存在的细节，作为干扰项，虽然有B这一细节，但是这一动作发生的时间与题干不符，动词sent 用得也不对。
（2）常识干扰：干扰项是一些基本常识和我们对社会、生活等方面一些问题的一般看法和认识，虽然符合客观现实，但并非文章所提及的。
[例] Budgets are not complex， but sticking to them can be tough. When planning your budget be realistic about your expenses. If you know that you drop $18 at a movie， don’t write $12 in that space simply because you wish you were spending less. If you are eyeing a big purchase， such as a $150 skateboard， spend less and save more until you have the total amount. No matter how attractive it may be， avoid spending your savings. One day， you will thank yourself！
58. what should people do when planning a budget？
A. fill in the expenses as they really are.
B. avoid spending money on expensive things.
C. set aside a fixed amount of money as savings.
D. list income and expenses on two pieces of paper.
根据文中意思，此题答案是A.但是选项B、C都看似符合常识——要做好花销预算，尽量避免买太贵的东西；每月固定留出一笔钱存上。这些选项的说法符合我们的一般认识。如果考生此时粗心，就容易使得干扰项想入为主，而忽略了要从原文验证，从而导致了错误的判断。
（3）偷梁换柱：这是细节题干扰项最常见的方法。干扰项利用了原文的一部分结构和词汇，但在一些位置换掉个别词，造成了语义的变化。
[例]Cara Lang is 13. She lives in Boston， Massachusetts， U. S. Last Thursday， she didn‘t go to school. She went to work with her father instead. Every year， on the
fourth Thursday in April， millions of young girls go work. This is Take Our Daughters to Work Day. The girls are between the ages of 9 and 15. They spend the day at work with an adult， usually a mother， father， aunt， or uncle. They go to offices， police stations， laboratories， and other places where their parents or other family members work. Next year， the day will include sons， too.
66. According to the passage， Take our Daughters to work Day is ______.
A. on every Thursday in April B. a holiday for girls of all ages
C. a day for girls to know about jobs D. a day for girls to get a job easily
此题答案为C.但考生极容易错选A，原因是考生没有看到该选项已经把the fourth Thursday in April换成了every Thursday in April.因此，要特别留意选项各个句子成分是否与原文表述的意义一致，包括地点、时间、方式、程度、性质等。
标志：常以“mainly about； mainly discuss； best title”等词提问。
2．正确选项的特点
正确选项概括归纳的范围大小恰到好处，选项表达的尺度恰当。
3．干扰项的特点
（1）以偏概全：答案只阐述了主旨的一部分，也就是局部信息，概括不够。
[例] A study of English learning problems was
carried out among a total of 106 foreign students．It shows that most students considered understanding spoken English to be their biggest problem on arrival．This was followed by speaking．Writing increased as a problem as students discovered difficulties in writing papers that they were now expected to hand in．Reading remained as a significant（显著的）problem. The information gained helped us in determining where special attention should be paid in our course．Although many students have chosen to join the course with a reasonable motivation（动机），we considered it important to note what seemed to encourage interest. Nearly all the students have experienced some kind of grammar-based English teaching in their own country. To use the same method would be self-defeating because it might reduce motivation，especially if it has failed in the past. Therefore a different method may help because it is different. Variety of activity was also seen as a way of maintaining（保持）or increasing motivation. Several years ago we had one timetable that operated throughout，but we soon found that both thestudents and the teachers lost interest by about halfway through the ten weeks. This led us to a major re-think，so finally we brought丝into line with the expressed language needs of the students.
65．What is the text mainly about？
A．Foreign students have more problems.
B．There are many ways to improve English.
C．Teaching should meet students’ needs．
D．English learning problems should be studied again．
The Marches were a happy family. Poverty， hard work， and even the fact that Father March was away with the Union armies could not down the spirits of Meg， Jo， Amy， and Marmee， as the March girls called their mother. The March sisters tried to be good but had their share of faults. Pretty Meg was often displeased with the schoolchildren she taught； boyish Jo was easy to become angry； goldenhaired schoolgirl Amy liked to show up； but Beth， who kept the house， was loving and gentle always. The happy days passed and darkness came when a telegram arrived for Mrs. March. "Your husband is very ill，” it said， "come at once.” The girl tried to be brave when their mother left for the front. They waited and prayed. Little Beth got scarlet fever （热） when she was taking care of the sick neighbor. She became very ill but began to recover by the time Marmee was back. When Father came home from the front and at that joyful Christmas dinner they were once more all together. Three years later the March girls had grown into young womanhood. Meg became Mrs. Brooke， and after a few family troubles got used to her new state happily. Jo had found pleasure in her literary efforts. Amy had grown into a young lady with a talent for design and an even greater one for society. But Beth had never fully regained her health，and her family watched her with love and anxiety. Amy was asked to go and stay in Europe with a relative of the Marches. Jo went to New York and became successful in her writing and had the satisfaction of seeing her work published there. But at home the bitterest blow was yet to fall. Beth had known for some time that she couldnt live much longer to be with the family and in the spring time she died. News came from Europe that Amy and Laurie， the grandson of a wealthy neighbor， had planned to be married soon. Now Jo became ever more successful in her writing and got married to Professor Bhaer and soon afterwards founded a school for boys. And so the little women had grown up and lived happily with their children， enjoying the harvest of love and goodness that they had devoted all their lives to.
58. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？
A. The march Family B. The March Parents C. The March Girls D. The March Relatives
本文讲述了March家中4个女儿的成长历程。这是一个有痛苦也有快乐的一家人，大女儿Meg成了一个教师，Jo对写作感兴趣，Amy对设计感兴趣，Beth最终带着全家人的祝福离开人世。其中的A项显然将主题的范围扩大了，将一个家庭包括父母和女儿都涵盖进去了。而选项B则偏离了主题，要以部分代替整体。对于选项D，文中只提到一句. . . Amy was asked to go and stay in Europe with a relative of the
[例]While parents， particularly mothers， have always been attached to their infants （婴儿）， societal conditions frequently made this attachment difficult to maintain （保持）. First of all， the high infant death rate in the premodern times meant that such attachments often ended in hopelessness. Perhaps to prevent the sadness that infant death caused， a number of societal practices developed which worked against infant death caused， a number of societal practices developed which worked against early attachment of motherand child. One of these premodern attachment-discouraging practices was to leave infants unnamed until they had survived into the second year. Another practice that discouraged maternal （母亲的） attachment was tightly wrapping （包裹） infants. Wrapping effectively prevented the close physical interactions like stroking （抚摸） and kissing that are so much a part of modern mothers and fathers affection for their infants. A third practice which had the same distancing effect was wet nursing. Breast-feeding （母乳养育） was not popular among the well-to-do in the early modern times: Infants were often fed by wet nurses hired for the purpose. In some places， such as nineteenth-century France， city infants were
sent to wet nurses in the country. Often a wet nurse would feed her own child first， leaving little milk for the city infant——who in many cases， died. In Rouen， the death rate for children sent to a wet nurse was 35 percent.
71. Which is the best title for the passage？
A. Societal Conditions in Premodern Times
B. Practices of Reducing Maternal Attachment
C. Poor Health service and High Infant Death Rate
D. Differences between Modern and Premodern Parents
第一段：. . . a number of societal practices developed which worked against early attachment of mother and child.
第二段：. . . One of these pre-modern attachment-discouraging practices was to. . .
第三段：A third practice which had the same distancing effect was wet-nursing. . .
通过这样的串联，我们就知道了第71题的答案：应为 B. Practices of Reducing Maternal Attachment
（3）注意逆向思维法，即快速作文法。对几个选项可以自己思考一下——如果是我写这个题目，我会怎么写？
[例] 同上文
73． Which is the best title for the passage？
A. Societal Conditions in Pemodern Times
B. Practices of Reducing Maternal Attachment
C. Poor Health Service and High Infant Death Rate
D. Differences between Modern and Premodern Parents
[例] If you are lost in the mountains， stay calm in the face of darkness， loneliness， and the unknown. It will greatly increase your chances of survival（生存）. Many people think that preparing necessary equipment and knowing how to use it are very important， but actually eighty percent of mountain survival is your reaction to fear.
68．What can we infer from the passage？
A．Don’t travel by yourself. B．Mountain traveling is dangerous. C．Don’t get frightened in danger. D．Avoid going to unfamiliar place.
本篇短文主要向读者介绍了山地旅行遇险时应采取的应对措施，在文章的第一自然段作者一上来就明确提出：“If you are lost in the mountain， stay calm in the face of darkness，loneliness， and the unknown. It will greatly increase your chances of survival.”（一旦你在山地旅行时遇险，面对黑暗、孤独和周围未知的环境时，一定要保持冷静，这将大大增加你的生存机会。）在第一段最后作者还指出“actually eighty percent of mountain survival is your reaction to fear. . .”（实际上山地遇险时百分之八十的存货几率取决于你面对恐惧时的发应）。根据以上各个线索，应该推断出C为正确选项。而A、D看似常识（不要单独出游；尽量少去陌生的地方），其实则是无中生有捏造出来原文根本没有提到的信息。对于B这个断言有些推导过度，难道山地旅行就都是危险的吗？其实文章要表达的是在山地旅行遇险时要保持镇静，而且没有侧重山地旅行是多么危险。
[例] Most people think of racing when they see greyhounds（灰狗）and believe they need lots of exercise. They can actually be quite lazy！ Greyhounds are good at fast races but not long-distance running. They do need regular exercise but they like to run for a short burst and then get back on the bed or a comfortable seat. Another misunderstanding is that greyhounds must be aggressive（好斗的）because they are big in size. In fact greyhounds love people and are gentle with children.
Greyhounds can live for 12-14 years but usually only race for two or three years，and after that they make great pets. They don’t need a lot of space，don’t make a lot of noise，and don’t eat a lot for their size. Normally，greyhounds can be as tall as 90 cm. There is，however，a small-sized greyhound，which stands only 33 cm. Greyhounds come in a variety of colors. Grey and yellowish-brown are the most common. Others include black，white，blue，red and brown or a mix of these. Greyhounds have smooth body coats，low body fat and are very healthy. Because they’re slim（苗条的）they don’t have the leg problems like other dogs the same height. But they do feel the cold，especially since they would much rather be at home in bed than walking around outside.
69. If you keep a pet greyhound，it is important＿.
A. to keep it slim B. to keep it warm C. to take special care of its leg D. to take it to animal doctors regularly
文中曾提到：But they do feel the cold， especially since they would much rather be at home in bed than walking around outside. 从中可知他们怕冷，因此逆向推理，要注意使他们保暖。
发表于 2016-7-24 09:43:00