2011暑假必备宝典之高一英语知识点总结Unit7-8
高一英语各单元知识点总结及重难点解析Unit7-8
☆重点句型☆
1. I can became infected with HIV by swinmaing ...
2. I wish that she were here with me and that we weren't
sick.
3. The most important thing to keep ... is to stay calm.
4. If I had known more about giving first aid, I could
have helped them.
5. Many hospital recommend that we use the letters ...
6. If I were to live long enough to have a job, I would ...
7. As with most diseases and disasters, the young suffer
the most.
8. She might have been hit by a car ...
9. Send whatever you find to the hospital to help ...
10. There we're days when I wished that I were dead so
that I would not have to feel so sick.
☆重点词汇☆
1. deadly a. 致命的
2. quiz n. 小测验；竞赛
3. false a. 错误的，假的
4. virus n. 病毒
5. via prep. 通过，经由
6. blood n. 血
7. prevention n. 防止，预防
8. persuade v. 劝服
9. illness n. 病；(身体)小舒服
10. treatment n. 治疗；对待；处理
11. sex n. 性别；性
12. proper a 正确的，适当的
13. available a. 可利用的；有效的
14. network n. 网络
15. specialistn. 专家
16. fierce a. 野蛮的，凶猛的；激烈的
17. cell n. 细胞；单人牢房
18. radiation n. 辐射，放射
19. recover v. 恢复，康复
20. drown v. 溺死，使淹死
21. scream v. 尖叫，呼啸
22. witness vt. & n. 目击，为……作证；目击者
23. response n. 响应
24. slight adj. 轻微的，纤细的
25. chest n. 胸膛；箱子
26. circulatev. 循环，流通
27. wound n. 伤口
28. motorcycle n. 摩托年
29. sudden a. 意外的
30。 loose a. 松散的
31. tap n. (水，煤气等)龙头
32. bandagen. 包扎带
33. ambulance n. 救护车
34. choke v. 窒息，哽住，使窒息
☆重点短语☆
1. be / become infected with 受……感染
2. get tested for 测试
3. break down 损坏
4. suffer from 患……病
5. fear of disease 怕疾病
6. lack of 缺乏
7. free from 不受……影响，没有……
8. cheer up 使振奋，使高兴
9. medicine for cold 感冒药
10. last days of one's life 生命的最后日子
11. a great many 许多
12. samples of blood 血样
13. incurable disease 不治之症
14. go to end 结束。到头了
15. on the contrary 相反
16. for the moment 暂时，目前
17. think of...as 把……当作
18. live life to the fullest 生活得充实
19. first aid 急救
20. first of all 首先
21. roll over 翻转
22. die of 死于
23. in honor of 纪念……，庆祝……
24. in case of 以防……
25. keep in mind 记在心上
☆交际用语☆
1. A lot of people can't tell the difference between...
2. Are there many differences?
3. What do you mean by...
4. I'm sorry, I don't quite follow you.
5. Do you use American or British spdling?
6. American spellings ale used more and more in Canada
now.
7. We must carry her to the side of the road.
8. You should / shouldn't...
9. I ought to go home.
10. Don't try to get up.
☆词汇短语☆
7. available a. 可用的，可达到的，有效的
The books are readily available for reference.
这些书随时可供参考。
Is Mr. Smith available for the opening of the school?
史密斯先生能参加学校的开学仪式吗?
17. breathe, breath
(1) breathe 是动词，呵及物也可不及物。
breathe hard 费力地呼吸
breathe into one's mouth
向某人嘴里吹气
breathe dust / fresh air
吸进灰尘／呼吸新鲜空气
start one's breathing
让某人呼吸起来
(2) breath 是名词。
take a deep breath 深吸一口气
take breath 喘口气；休息一下
hold one's breath 屏住气
lose one's breath 喘不过气来
out of breath 上气不接下气，气喘吁吁
[注意] out of sight 看不见；out of order 出故障；out of
question 没问题；out of control 失去控制；out of
danger 脱离危险；out of work 失业。
8. cheer vt. & vi. 使高兴，使振奋，喝彩
The good news cheers them all.
这个好消息使我们大家很高兴。
The fans cheer (for) their football team.
球迷为他们的足球队加油助威。
主要搭配：
(1) cheer up (使愉快，使高兴)
作及物或不及物用法：
Cheer up! My little man. 别灰心，老弟!
She told a joke, trying to cheer me up.
她讲了个笑话来让我开心。
(2) cheer on (鼓励，鼓劲)
We all cheered the runners on as they rushed to the
tape.
当运动员冲刺时，我们都为他们鼓劲。
5. discourage
使泄气；使失去信心、希望或精神(做某事)
1) ～ sb. (from doing sth.)
阻拦某人不要做某事
His parents discouraged him from joining the air force.
他的父母劝他不要参加空军。
2) try to stop (sth.)
试图阻止；阻拦；劝阻
The school teachers discourage smoking.
学校老师不赞成吸烟。
3) be discouraged, get discouraged / discouraged adj.
If you meet with any difficulty in your study, don't be
discouraged.
如果你学习中遇到什么困难，不要灰心。
discouraging adj.
a discouraging result, reply 使人泄气的结果、回答
2. false a. 假的，错的，不实的
The report is false. 这份报告不真实。
He is false of heart. 他不忠实。
常见结构 be false to 意为“违背，不忠，欺骗”。
He is false to his country. 他背叛祖国。
She is a girl false to her promise / word.
她是一个不守诺言的女孩子。
【考点8】free 的用法
▲ 构词：
① freedom n. 自由
② freely adv. 自由地
▲ 搭配：
① for free 免费(作表语、状语)
② set...free 释放……；使……自由
③ free of charge 免费(作表语、状语)
④ be free from 免于……；不受……；无……的；免去
……的
⑤ have a free talk(with sb)(about sth) 和(某人)就某
事进行自由交谈
⑥ enjoy free medical care 享受公费医疗
⑦ enjoy freedom of speech 享受言论自由
⑧ fight for freedom 为自由而战
▲句型：
① sb be free = sb have free time 有空
② sb be / feel free to do sth 随便干……，随心所欲地干
……。无拘无束地干……
③ free + sb / sth 使……自由
▲ 友情提示：“免费”的其他表示法：
① for nothing (作状语)；without payment (作状语)；
free(作表语、定语)
② at one's own expense / charge 自费(作状语)
③ at public expense 公费
④ (enjoy)public health services = (enjoy) free medical
service / care (享受)公费医疗
【考例8】The prisoner was ____.
A. set freely B. enjoyed free
C. get freedom D. set free
[考查目标]考查free，freely，freedom等词的运用。
[答案与解析]D set sb free为一个固定短语，表示“释
放某人”。
1. infect
1) 使某人／某物传染，感染
～ sb. / sth. (with sth.)；cause sb. / sth. to have a
disease
The laboratory animals had been infected with the
bacteria.
试验室里的动物都受到这种细菌的感染。
Police have sealed off infected areas of the country.
警方已将全国各感染区封锁了。
One of the boys in the class had a fever and he soon
infected other children.
班上的一个孩子发烧了，不久他就传染上了其他孩
子。
2) 使受影响，使受感染
fill (sb.'s mind or spirit) with happy and positive ideas
or feelings
Her cheerful spirits and bubbling laughter infected the
whole class.
她那快乐的情绪和爽朗的笑声感染了全班。
6. lack 缺乏，不足
(1) 名词用法
She has no lack of supporters.
她不缺支持者。(有很多支持者)
The draught was caused by a lack of rain.
这场旱灾是雨水不足造成的。
[注意] lack作可数或不可数名词，lack前面常与for
搭配，表示“缺乏”的原因，此时常用作不可数名词，
如：
We now can't discuss the plan for lack of time.
因时间所限我们现在不能讨论这个计划。
(2) 动词用法
lack 可作及物或不及物动词用，作不及物动词时与
for 搭配表示原因，与in搭配表示“在……方面缺
乏”。
The young completely lacks experience.
这个年轻人完全缺乏经验。
They lack for money at present.
目前他们缺乏资金。
He is lacking in responsibility.
他缺乏责任心。
【考点2】lack的用法
▲ 搭配：
① for lack of 因缺少
② lack in 缺少
▲ 句型：
① There is a lack of sth 缺少……
② There is no lack of sth = have no lack of sth 不缺
【考例2】(2002上海)Though ____ money, his par-
ents managed to send him to university.
A. lacked B. lacking of
C. lacking D. lacked in
[考查目标] 考查省略句。
[答案与解析]C当从句的主语和主句的主语相同时．
或从句的谓语是be动词时，可以省略主语和be动词，
本句补全应该为：Though (they were) lacking...
【考点5】manage 的用法
▲ 构词：
① manager n. 经理
② management n. 经营，管理
▲句型：
① manage to do sth 设法做成某事
② I can manage it myself. 我自己能应付／对付过去。
▲辨析：attempt；manage；succeed；try；seek
该组词均含“设法”之意。try表示尽力、设法、试图去
做某事，但未必一定成功，所做之事不一定有困难；try
还可作名词，have a try = try = have a go 试一次；
have another try = try again再试一次；want a go 想试
一次。attempt 是try 的更正式的说法，试图做某事，有
时可以表示“企图”的意思。manage表示设法(得以)完
成(某件困难之事)，还可作及物动词，意为“经营，管
理”；不及物动词，意为“能办到”，常用于口语I can
manage (it) myself. 我自己能行。succeed 去做所希望
的事并成功地干了该事，常见结构是succeed in(do—
ing) sth。seek意为“试图、企图干某事”。例如：
The boys attempted to leave for camping but were
stopped by their parents. 男孩子们想去野营但被他们
的父母拦住了。
She succeeded in taking a first-class degree in physics
tWO years after arriving in Paris. 到巴黎之后，她取得了
一级物理学位。
He tried to do the operation with very little help, but
didn't succeed. 他试图在没有帮助的情况下做这个手
术，但没有成功。
【考例5】He ____ the operation with very little
help.
A. succeeded to do B. attempted to
C. managed to do D. managed doing
[考查目标] 考查同义词的辨析。
[答案与解析]Csucceed in doing sth，而 manage to
do sth; attempt 为vt. 后面直接接宾语，而不要接介词。
4. persuade vt.
cause sb. to do sth. by arguing or reasoning with him
说服，劝服；使相信
persuade sb. into / out of sth. 说服，劝服某人做某事
persuade sb. to do sth.
persuade sb. that... 后接宾语从句
Who persuaded you to join this society?
谁说服你参加这个团体?
I am almost persuaded of his honesty.
我几乎相信他是诚实的。
【考点l】persuade的用法
▲ 句型：
① persuade sb (not) to do sth说服某人(不要)干某事
② persuade sb into / out of doing sth (= advise sb not to
do sth)说服某人(不要)干某事
③ persuade sb that... 使人信服……
【考例l】(2001上海)Alice trusts you: only you can
____ her to give up the foolish idea.
A. suggest B. attract
C. tempt D. persuade
[考查目标] 考查动词之间的辨析与实际运用。
[答案与解析]Dsuggest 不能接 sb. do sth；句子的意
思为：Alice 相信你，只是因为你能说服她放弃愚蠢的
想法。
【考点3】prevent 的用法
▲ 搭配：prevent...from...妨碍；阻碍；防止；预防
▲ 句型：
① prevent sth 阻止……，预防……
② prevent sb's doing sth
③ prevent sb / sth (from) doing sth = stop sb / sth
(from)doing sth = keep sb / sth from doing sth 阻
止／防止某人干……
▲ 注意：在prevent sb / sth from doing sth和stop sb /
sth from doing sth中，from在主动句中可省略，在被动
句中不能省略；keep sb / sth from doing sth 中 from 的
不可省略。
▲ 辨析：prevent; protect
两词意义相近，但用法和意思略有差别。protect常用
于protect sb / sth from / against sth 结构中，from或
against 后常接名词．不接动词-ing形式。而prevent常
用于prevent sb / sth from doing sth 结构中，而且只能
与from连用，不能与against搭配．from后常接动词一
ing形式，也可接名词。例如：
My parents are trying to prevent me from going abroad.
我父母极力阻止我出国。
His advice prevented me from making a serious mis-
take. 他的忠告使我免于犯下严重的错误。
He raised his arm to protect his face from the blow. 他
伸出胳臂护住脸部免受被拳击打。
【考例3】 No one can prevent the plans ____ out.
A. to be carried B. from being carried
C. not to carry D. from carrying
[考查目标] 考查 prevent 短语的搭配与语态的用法。
[答案与解析]Bprevent sb. / sth tom doing sth 结合
上下文，the plans应该“被实施”。故动名词用被动形
式。
15. recommend vt.
推荐，介绍；劝告，建议；使可接受；使受欢迎；使成为
可取；托(付)；交付
He recommended to try a new medicine.
他建议试服一种新药。
The woman manager recommended her child to her
colleague.
那位女经理把她的孩子托给同事照管。
Your plan has very little t0 recommend it.
你的计划几乎毫无可取之处。
The dying man recommended his soul to God.
这垂危病人把灵魂交付上帝。
10. recover 恢复，病愈
(1) 通常作不及物动词用，名词为recovery。
Her father has fully recovered.
她父亲已完全康复。
(2) 常与from连用，如：
He has just recovered from severe illness.
他大病初愈。
The city is recovering from the effects of the
earthquake.
这座城市正在从地震中恢复正常。
【考点9】remember 的用法
▲ 搭配：
① be remembered as 作为……而被铭记
② be remembered for... 因为……而被别人记住
▲ 句型：
① remember sth / that clause
② remember to do sth (=don't forget to do sth) 记住要
做某事
③ remember doing sth (have done sth arid remember the
action) 记得曾做过某事
④ remember + wh-clause
⑤ remember me to sb 代我向某人问好
▲辨析：memorize；recall；remember
三词均与“记忆”有关．但memorize意为“记忆。默记”．
指有意识地用心去记。remember意为“记得，想起”，指
回忆或想起某事，表示没有刻意费心去想，有时也表示
有意识地把某事记在心上。recall意为“追忆，回想”，
指有意或努力追忆已忘记的事。例如：
She finally memorized the poem. 她终于记住了那首诗。
I can't recall the exact details of the report. 我记不起报
告的确切细节。
I shall always remember my first day in college. 我将永
远记住我上大学的第一天。
【考例9】(1999上海)
-- Let me tell you something about the journalists.
-- Don't you remember ____ me the story yester—
day?
A. told B. telling
C. to tell D. to have told
[考查目标] remember 在非谓语动词中的用法。
[答案与解析]Bremember to do sth 表示“记得要做某
事”；而rememberdoing表示“记得做过某事”。从上下
文看应该是后者。
16. response 回答；答复；反应
I've had no response to my letter.
我还没有回信。
His appeal met with no (little) response.
他的呼吁没有得到任何反应。
in response to [介] 回答……；回应
【考点7】since 的用法
▲ 搭配：ever since自从那时起一直到现在；since then
从那时起，常与完成时连用；比较：from then on从那时
起．常与一般过去时连用；after that从那以后，表示过
去某一事件后。但并不延续到现在，常与一般过去时连
用。
After that he didn't say anything to other people. 从那
以后，他和其他人什么也没说过。
【考例7】(2004上海) The first use of atomic weapons
was in 1 945，and their power ____ increased enor-
mously ever since.
A. is B. was
C. has been D. had been
[考查目标] 考查时态在具体语境中的用法。
[答案与解析]C ever since暗示应该使用现在完成时
态，强调对现在的影响和产生的结果。
【考点6】stop的用法
▲ 搭配：
① put a stop to 制止
② come to a (sudden，complete) stop (突然) 停了
③ bring sth to a stop 使……停止，使……终止
▲ 句型：
① sb / sth stop
② sb stop sb / sth
③ sb stop to do sth = sb stop and do sth 停止某事而去
做另一件事
④ stop doing sth停止做原来的某事
⑤ sb / sth stop sb / sth (from) doing sth / being done
阻止某人做某事／阻止某事被做
▲辨析1：avoid；prevent；stop
三词均意为“避免”，但avoid意为“避开，避免”，指避开
人为的或自然产生的情况或结果。其后可接名词或动
词。prevent意为“阻止，避免”，多指使用预防性或阻止
性的措施来反对、阻止某事。其后可接名词、代词、动
名词复合结构。常用的句型为：prevent...from。stop
意为“阻止，避免”，与prevent相近，常用的句型为：stop
...(from)，在被动句中from不能省略。例如：
I crossed the street to avoid meeting my father. 我穿过
马路以免遇到爸爸。
These rules are intended to prevent accidents. 这些规章
旨在防止事故发生。
Her parents are trying to stop me seeing her. 她父母企
图阻止我见她。
▲辨析2：pause；stop
两词均意为“停止”，但pause表示“停顿”的意思，指暂
时停止。stop表示“停止。阻止”的意思，应用比较广
泛。多用于口语中，其后面跟动名词或动词不定式，所
表达的意思完全相反(见上)。
【考例6】(MET 1990)She reached the top 0f the hill
and stopped ____ on a big rock by the side of the
path.
A. to have rested B. resting
C. to rest D. rest
[考查目标] 考查 stop 的用法。
[答案与解析]C stop to do 表示“停下来做另外一件
事情”；stopdoing sth 则表示“停止做原来的事情”。从
上下文看应该选用to do sth。
3. via
1) prep.by way of (sth.); through 经由，途经
to travel from Beijing to Shanghai via Tianjin
由北京经由天津去上海
go from London to Washington via New York
2) by means of 通过；凭借
I sent a message to Mary via her brother.
我托玛丽的兄弟把信带给她。
【考点4】wound 的用法
▲ 构词：wounded adj. 受伤的
▲搭配：receive a wound = be wounded 受伤
▲辨析：damage；destroy；harm；hurt；injure；ruin；
spoil；wound
这几个词都有“伤害”的意思。damage指伤害人或物而
使之失去价值、功能或正常的外观。该词也可作名词，
多用于自然灾害中的损害，相当于harm。destroy指具
体的或抽象的事物受到彻底损坏而很难恢复，故常用
来指“破坏、毁坏、摧毁”。harm常用于口语，一般只作
及物动词，表示对……有害／损害，特指伤及一个人或
其心情、健康、权利、事业等，并使之产生痛苦、损失或
某种不幸遭遇。其名词为harm，只能作不可数名词，意
为“损害、伤害”。hurt一般用语，既可以指肉体上的，
也可以指精神上的，还可表示在事故中受伤。其名词
为hurt，尤指精神上或感情上的伤害，肉体上的伤痛。
injure主要指在事故中受伤。其名词是injury，平时的
大小创伤或伤害，还可指事故中的伤害。rum多用于
借喻中，有时泛指一般的“弄坏了”。spoil“损害，损坏，
破坏”，指原来的质量、结构、安排、打算等遭到损害、破
坏，而使某物无用或不能令人满意。wound常指在战
争、暴力或灾害中受伤，也可指精神上的创伤。其名词
是wound，指战斗中刀或枪的创伤、伤口。例如：
His wife had an accident and damaged her bike. 他的妻
子遇到了意外事故，把自行车弄坏了。
The heavy storms destroyed a good part of our crops.
几场暴雨把大部分庄稼都毁坏了。
He didn't mean to harm you. 他不是故意伤害你的。
I didn't mean to hurt your feelings. 我本没想要伤害你
的感情。
There were tWO people injured in the car accident. 有两
个人在车祸中受了伤。
He ruined himself by gambling. 他因赌博毁了自己。
Our holidays were spoilt by bad weather. 我们假日的乐
趣被恶劣天气破坏了。
The enemy fired and wounded some of our soldiers. 敌
人开枪伤了我们的战士。
【考例4】(2001上海) A bullet hit the soldier and he was
wounded in ____ leg.
A. a B. one C. the D. his
[考查目标]考查固定搭配。
[答案与解析]C本题考查动词wound sb. + 介词 in +
the+身体的某一部位的固定搭配。
11. 表示态度、语气的评注性状语归类：
generally speaking 一般说来
strictly speaking 严格说来
honestly speaking 诚实地说来
personally speaking 就我个人而言
exactly speaking 准确地说来
to tell you the truth 说实话
to be honest 老实说
believe it or not 信不信由你
judging from his appearance 从他的相貌来说
上述用法系固定搭配，动词形式不因句子结构而变
化，使用时应特别注意。如：
Personally speaking, he is fit for the work.
我个人认为他胜任这项工作。
To be honest, I don't appreciate the style.
坦率讲，我不喜欢这种风格。
Believe it or not, she'll no long be here.
信不信由你，她不会再来这里了。