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一、定语从句的形式
1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫，短语或句子叫先行词。
3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；关系副词有when,where,why等。
关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
例如：The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.该句中，who is shaking hands with my father是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。
二、关系词的选择
1．选用哪个关系词，关键是看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分
含有定语从句的复合句可以分为两部分：主句和从句。关系词是定语从句的一个成分。选用关系词，要看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分，而不是看先行词是什么词性。
句1：He worked in the factory which produces TV sets.
句2：He worked in the factory where his father had worked.
句3：I like the school which is near to my home.
句4：I like the school where my sister studies.
在句1和句2中，先行词前都有in, 但关系词有用which也有用where的；
在句3和句4中，先行词都是the school, 但关系词有用which也有用where的。
因此，我们可以看出，对关系词起决定性作用的并不是先行词。
在句1和句3中，关系词在定语从句中都是作主语，因此用的都是关系代词which；
在句2和句4中，关系词在定语从句中都是作状语，因此都是用关系副词where。
我们可以看出，用哪个关系词，主要看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分。
2. 选用关系词的方法：一“找”二“还”三“替换”
找：就是找出主句、从句、先行词和关系词。
还：根据先行词提示的意思，大胆地把定语从句还原为完整的一句话。（可以添词）
替换：用关系词替换定语从句中还原后添加的部分，作主语和宾语用关系代词，作状语用关系副词。（时间状语用when，地点状语用where, 原因状语用why）（同初中时做的“对画线部分提问”相似，该用what的时候用which/that即可）
例如：
This is the school ______ I once studied.
This is the school ______ is the most famous in the city.
I am studying at a school ______ my father teaches English.
找：（略）
还原：根据先行词的提示，这三句话的定语从句还原成完整的一句话后分别为：
I once studied at the school.
The school is the most famous in the city.
My father teaches English at the school.
粗斜体部分为根据先行词的意思把关系词还原后的部分。
替换：根据 “对画线部分提问”的规则，1.和3.用where, 2.本该用what, 在定语从句中该用what的要换为which/that。
因此，答案为：1.where；2. that/which；3. Where
3. 关系词一般要位于定语从句的句首
The house I grew up ______ has been taken down and replaced by an office building.
A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which
答案与分析：A没有关系词，不能连接两句话；C介词后不能用that；D关系词一般不位于句末；而B可以看作是关系代词作宾语、放在句首并且省略了。因此选B。
三、关系代词
关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语和定语
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注意1：只能用that不用which或者who的情况：先行词前有下列词出现时只能用that
“第一个最好的特指人物吗？不一定，有疑问。”
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注意2：只能用which或者who不用that的情况：
1）有介词时，介词+which (介词只能与which/whom连用)
2）在非限定定语从句（有逗号的定语从句）
3）先行词为that/those时：What’s that which is floating on the river?
四、综合练习
（一）把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句：
1. The fan is on the desk. You want it.
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2. The man is in the next room. He brought our textbooks here yesterday.
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3. The magazine is mine. He has taken it away.
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4. The students will not pass the exam. They don’t study hard.
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5. The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park.
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6. The letter is from my sister. I received it yesterday.
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7. The play was wonderful. We saw it last night.
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8. The train was late. It was going to Nanning.
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9. The boy is my brother. He was here a minute ago.
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10. The tree is quite tall. He is climbing it.
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11. John is a very kind-hearted man. You can turn to him for help.
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12. The book is written by that famous writer. I am very interested in it.
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13. Tom is the boy. I went to the cinema with him together.
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14. Have you remembered the factory? We worked in it last year.
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15. It is the gold diamond. I spent all my money on it.
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16. The old Olympic Games could date back to 776 BC. The modern games come from it.
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17. I have nine friends in America. Four of them work as doctors.
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18. The woman has just won a gold medal. I read about her in the newspaper.
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19. The house is 7 kilometers away. I was born in it.
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20.This is the very farm. My father used to work on it.
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（二）翻译句子
1.这就是救了孩子生命的医生
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2.她就是我要介绍给你的新学生
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3.请递给我摆在桌上的那本书。
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4.汤姆买的小说很有意思。
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5.你能把昨天谈到的那本杂志借给我吗？
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6.那位教授是威廉斯他的女儿教你英语。
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7.那辆坏了轮胎的自行车现在已经修好了。
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8.正在弹钢琴的那位妇女是张小姐。
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9.我想看那些刚上映的电影。
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10.他们谈起他们所记得起的学校里的人和事，谈了大约有半个小时。
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11.我要告诉你我所知道这件事的一切情况。
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12.有什么我可以帮助做的事吗？
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13.我把你需要的东西都拿来了。
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14.这是我看过的最好的一部电影。
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15.我们要参观的第一个地方是北京图书馆
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发表于 2016-7-6 12:06:42
