2009年高考名师手记之：英语篇（强调句）

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　　一。考纲要求
　　按照考纲要求，考生应能够恰当地使用词语和强调句式对表达的内容进行强调。

　　二。命题导向
　　近年的高考试题主要考查考生对谓语动词的强调的理解和强调句型的灵活使用。

　　三。复习要点
　　1. 使用助动词do, does和did 对谓语动词进行强调。例如：
　　First impressions really do count。
　　Lucy does look nice in that new dress。
　　2. 运用强调句型来强调除谓语以外的其它句子成分。
　　强调句型是英语中的重要句型之一，也是历年高考主要考点。它的基本句型结构为：It is/was +被强调部分+that/who+句子的其他部分。可用用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语等成分。在复习强调句型时，要注意以下几个方面：
　　(1) 强调句型中的主谓一致
　　在强调句型中，当对陈述句中的主语进行强调时，无论被强调的主语是单数还是复数，主句中的谓语动词都要用单数形式It is/was…，同时，that从句中的谓语动词也要与被强调的主语在人称和数方面保持一致。例如：
　　It is my parents that/who often help me get out of trouble。
　　It is not I that/who am to blame for it。
　　2. 当对地点状语、时间状语或状语从句进行强调时，只能要用连接词that，而不能用when, where, why或how等。例如：
　　It was on August 8, 2008 that 29th Summer Olympic Games were opened in Beijing。
　　It was in the park that I met an old friend of mine。
　　It is by bus that my father usually goes to work。
　　3. 强调句型的疑问式
　　在强调句中，无论被强调部分是什么句子成分，变为一般疑问句时，都须将主句改为疑问语序，即将“It is/was +被强调部分that+其它成分”改为“Is/was it that +其它成分? ”或“疑问词+is/was it that +其它成分? ”结构。例如：
　　Was it her failing her exam that made her parents unhappy?
　　When was it that she changed her mind?
　　4. 在对not…until结构中的until时间状语或时间状语从句进行强调时，要将句中的not移置until之前，构成：It is/was not until…that…固定句型。注意that从句的谓语动词要变成肯定形式，而且不再采用倒装语序。例如：
　　I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses。
　　→It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star。

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　　四. 注意事项
　　1. 如果由特殊疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序，不可用疑问语序。例如：
　　He asked me who it was that took his umbrella by mistake。
　　I wonder when it is that we’ll leave for Hongkong。
　　2. 强调句型结构中的反意疑问句式
　　在强调句型结构中，其反意疑问句的主语及助动词必须与主句It is/was…保持一致。例如：
　　It is Mary not you who wants to ask me about it, isn’t it?
　　It was his coming that made you all very happy, wasn’t it?
　　3. 强调句型结构与定语从句的混合使用
　　在高考试题中，为了增加试题的难度，命题人将强调句型与定语从句混合起来，使句子结构更加复杂。我们要注意从语法角度来分析句子，理清结构强调句型语定语从句。例如：
　　It was on the farm where we worked that I got to know her。
　　4. 强调句型与时间状语从句的辨析
　　当用强调句型强调时间状语时，去掉“it is/was”和连词“that”原句仍然成立。而在时间状语从句中，若去掉“it is/was”和连词“when/before”，原句不能成立。
　　It was at 14:28 that the terrible earthquake broke out. (强调句型)
　　It was 14:28 when the terrible earthquake broke out. (状语从句)

　　五. 精典名题导解
　　1. (2008江西) It was announced that only when the fire was under control __ to return to their homes。
　　A. the residents would be permitted B. had the residents been permitted
　　C. would be residents be permitted D. the residents had been permitted
　　考点解析：句首的It was announced that为主语从句，在从句中，因为only+when状语从句放在句首，因此需用部分倒装。最佳答案为C。
　　2. (2008全国II) It was in New Zealand ___ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith。
　　A. how B. that C. which D. when
　　考点解析：句中含有强调结构，被强调部分是地点状语in New Zealand，因此空白处应填that,最佳答案为B。
　　3. (2008重庆) It was not until midnight _ _ they reached the camp site。
　　A. while B. when C .that D. as
　　考点解析：句中含有强调结构，被强调部分是时间状语not until midnight，因此空白处应填that, 最佳答案为C。
　　4. (成都市2009届毕业班第一次诊断性检测) It is exactly the way we speak makes our teacher angry. We should be more polite next time。
　　A. that;what B. what; that C. how; what D. that; that
　　考点解析：题干中含有强调结构，被强调部分是the way，其后跟有定语从句we speak，第一空可填in which/that，也可省略，第二空需填that。
　　5. (2009年石家庄市毕业班教学质量检测)— Mr. Barton changed his mind to take part in the movement?
　　—After he listened to be speech by Mr. King。
　　A. When was that it B. When was it that
　　C. When was that D. When was it
　　考点解析：题干为强调句型的疑问结构，正确语序为“疑问词+is/was it that +其它成分”，因此最佳答案为A。
　　6. (河北省保定市2009届高三调研考试) —Did you arrive here this morning?
　　—Yes, It was at nine o’clock _____we came here。
　　A.before B.when C.which D.that
　　考点解析：答语意为：我们在9点钟到达这里。题干含时间状语从句，因此空白处填连词when。