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发表于 2016-6-27 13:22:11
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七、逻辑错误须关注
与句子的上、下文不一致,甚至相矛盾,属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴,人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误,常是这类错误的考查对象。例如:
The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. (their)
First, let me tell you something more about myself. (去掉more)
… no way of setting the matter except by selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead. (everyone)
上述第一例中的主语是Smiths(史密斯夫妇俩),因此后面的his不合逻辑。第二例中的more在这儿表“再”的意思,才开始告诉别人,怎么能说“再告诉你一些事”?第三例讲的是为了解决看电视时的争端,“我们”把电视机卖了;晚上没电视看了,所以与从前一样,大家又都读书了,所以该用 everyone。
除了上述错误类型外,常考的错误形式还有:连词but, and, or和so的用法错误(可以归类为逻辑错误),以及冠词的用法错误等。例如:
She was smiling but nodding at me. (and)
It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. (or)
We may be one family and live under a same roof. (the)
下面是2002年全国高考试题中的短文改错题。这道题较全面地反映了本文的口诀。现在请你试着做一做,然后参阅题后的答案与简析。
Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Emei
Mountain in Sichuan. As everyone knows,it’s famous 76. _____
Mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. The weather 77. _____
Was fine. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of 78. _____
the mountain,the three of them were very excited. As we 79. _____
climbed the mountain,we ed monkeys,visiting temples 80. _____
and told stories. On the way up I was busy taking picture 81._____
since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. 82. _____
Evening came down. We spent the night in a hotel at the top 83. _____
of the mountain. The food was expensive and the service was 84. _____
good. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my 85. _____
head touched the pillow.
答案与简析:
76. famous前加上a.(名词数)
77. 正确
78. we前面加when,引导一个时间状语从句。(句子成分多分析)
79. them→us (逻辑错误须关注)
80. visiting→visited(非谓动词细辨别)
81. picture→pictures(名词数)
82. passes→passed(动词形)
83. 去掉down(习惯用法要记住)
84. and→but(but,and,or和so)
85. 去掉at(句子成分多分析 / 习惯用法要记住)
改错要想拿高分
语法口诀要记牢
(一)见到谓语找主语,主谓一致找状语
见到名词想多数,可不可数要记牢
见到平行看结构,形式功能要对称
见到代词找指代,指代通常不合理
带宾语必带to,不带宾语不带 to
小小of常抓的点,of前名词adj最高级
比较级不修饰比较级,最高级不修饰最高级
(二)谓与非谓经常混
谓语句中就一个
其余动词非谓语
常见形式有三种
v-ing ,v-ed和to do
主谓通常v-ing
动宾通常v-ed
现在分词表主动
过去分词表被动
目的要用不定式
by前有过去分词相拥
by后有动名词后抱
介词后跟动名词
时态基点要搞清
现在还是过去时
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