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2011暑假必备宝典之高一英语知识点总结Unit11-12

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  7. on the other hand 另一方面的
    I want to go to the party, but on the other hand I
    ought to be studying.
    我想去参加聚会,但从另一方面来说,我应该留下来
    学习。
    [拓展】on (the) one hand..., on the other hand...,
    用以引导出相互矛盾的观点
    On one hand the hotel is near the sea, but on the other
    hand it costs a lot.
    好的方面是这家旅馆靠海,可是另一方面房租太贵。
    [词组] by hand 手工制作的
    at hand 在附近,在手头,即将发生
    from hand to hand 从一人之手转到另一人之手
    hand in hand 手拉手
    All the work had to be done bv hand.
    所有的活都得用手工做。
    The note Was delivered bv hand.
    这封短信经由专人送交。(非经邮寄)
    He lives close at hand.
    他住在附近。
    The examination is at hand.
    考试即将举行。
    Buckets of water were passed from hand to hand to put
    the fire out.
    人们一桶又一桶传递着水把火扑灭。
    Dirt and disease go hand in hand.
    肮脏和疾病是形影相随的。
  11. play music 演奏音乐
    [相关短语] enjoy the music 欣赏音乐
    read music 识乐谱
    have no ear for music 无音乐鉴赏力
    perform music 演奏音乐
    listen to (the) music 听音乐
    face the music 临危不惧
  9. take turns doing sth. 轮流做某事
    Since we took turns driving, we didn't find the trip
    tiring.
    由于我们轮流驾驶,所以我们并没有觉得旅途劳累。
    [短语] by turns 轮流地
    in turn 依次地
    at every turn 到处
  【考点2】turn构成的短语
  ① turn on 打开,使感兴趣
  ② turn off 关掉
  ③ turn down 关小,凋低,拒绝,转入
  ④ turn around 转过身,转过来
  ⑤ turn...into... 把……变成
  ⑥ turn to 开始干,求助于
  ⑦ turn over 转身,翻转,把某人交给,移交,营业额达
  ⑧ turn up 调大,出现,使某物朝上
  ⑨ turn out 结果是,证明是,出席
  ⑩ turn against 背叛
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  [例句] Mozart's music always turns me on. 莫扎特的音
  乐总是让我感兴趣。
  Be sure to turn off the lights when you leave the room.
  离开房间时一定要把灯关了。
  I applied for the job but they turned me down because I
  didn't know German. 我申请了这份工作,但是因为我
  不懂德语他们拒绝了我。
  He turned around to find a policeman eyeing him suspi—
  ciously. 他转过身发现警察在怀疑地看着他。
  A vast crowd turned out t0 watch the match. 大群的观
  众到场观看比赛。
  The car skidded, turned over and burst into flames. 那
  汽车一打滑,翻倒后起火了。
  【考例2】(2004 浙江) We wanted to get home before
  dark, but it didn't quite ____ as planned.
      A. make OUt    B. turn out
      C. go on    D. come up
  [考查目标] 此题主要考查四个短语的用法。
  [答案与解析] B make out 弄明白;turn oat 结果是,证
  明是;go on 继续进行;come up 上来,过来,来吧。本句
  话意思是“我们希望在天黑前到家,但是结果并不像计
  划的那样”。
  【考例3】(2004四川) The forest guards often find camp-
  fires that have not been ____ completely.
        A. turned down           B. put out
        C. put away               D. turned over
  [考查目标] 此题主要考查 turn 与 put 构成的短语的用
  法。
  [答案与解析] B turn down关小。调低,拒绝。转入;
  turn over 翻转,移交,营业额达……;put out 扑灭;put
  away 收拾,整理,本句话意思是“森林看护人员经常
  发现野营的火没有完全被扑灭”。
  16. turn around (同turn round) 转过身,转回身
    When the teacher turned around, they began to
    whisper.
    老师一转过身去,他们就开始窃窃私语。
    [链接]tum back 折回;翻回
    turn in 上交,交回
    turn away 不理;撵走
    turn out 结果是;生产;出来
    turn down 不接受;调小/低
    turn up 调大;出现;到达
    turn on 开(灯等)
    turn off 关(灯等)
    turn to 转向……/向……求助
    turn...into... 把……变成
    turn against背叛
   【考点3】含“动词 + in”的短语
  ① believe in 相信.信任,信仰
  ② bring in 引进,引来
  ③ come in 进来
  ④ give in 让步。投降
  ⑤ hand in 交上来
  ⑥ get in 收获,进入
  ⑦ take in 欺骗.摄取
  ⑧ join in 加入,参与
  ⑨ take part in 参加
  ⑩ turn in 交上来
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  [例句] You can believe in him; he'll never Iet you
  down. 你可以相信他,他是不会让你失望的。
  The sale brought us in over $200. 这次销售使我们赚
  了200美元。
  I kept inviting Mrs. Smith to stay for lunch, and finally
  she gave in. 我不断邀请史密斯夫人留下来吃午饭,最
  终她让步了。
  We were completely taken in by his story. 我们完全被
  他的故事欺骗了。
  She handed in her resignation because of dissatisfac—
  tion. 因为不满她递交了辞呈。
  They all joined in singing the Christmas carols. 他们一
  起唱圣诞颂歌。
  【考例4】(2004湖北)We have to ____ the wheat as
   soon as possible because a storm is on the way.
      A. get away    B. get across
      C. get through    D. get in
  [考查目标] 此题主要考查 get 短语。
  [答案与解析] D  get away 逃脱,离开;get across 通
  过,把……讲清楚;get through 到达,办完,花光;get in
  收获,进入,抵达。再根据意思“因为暴风雨就要来了,
  因此我们必须尽快收割小麦”。
  [牛刀小试2]
  1. -- How did you find him out?
    -- I ____ his name by chance on the list.
      A. came down    B. came about
      C. came uD    D. came across
  2. I simply couldn't understand how it ____ that
    you did so much work within SUCh a short time.
      A. came back    B. came up
      C. came about    D. came along
  3. A coldwind beganto blow and he ____ his collar
    to keep out the cold.
      A. turned down    B. turned off
      C. turned over    D. turned up
  4. Her parents had had a very anxious moment but
   everythmg ____ all right in the end.
      A. turned up    B. carried out
      C. turned out    D. carried away
  5. During the break she began to sing an English song,
    and we all ____.
      A. take part in    B. joined
      C. joined in    D. together
      ☆词语比较☆
  1. contain,include
    (1) contain: have or hold (sth.) with in itself 包含,容
    纳;含有,强调内容或含量,可用于表示包括所含之
    物的全部和部分。
    This book contains forty interesting pictures.
    这本书里有四十幅有趣的图画。
    (2)include: have (sb. / sth.) as part of a whole 包括,
    包含。用于表示所包含之物中的一部分。
    The tour included a visit to the Science Museum.
    旅游项目中包括参观科技博物馆。
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发表于 2016-7-23 01:04:35 | 显示全部楼层

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  2. pick,pick up,pick out
    (1) pick vt. & vi. 采,摘;挑选
    They showed us how to pick tea leaves.
    他们教我们怎样采茶叶。
    The students have to pick three courses from a list of
      ten.
      学生必须从十门课程中选修三门。
      (2) pick up的含义很多,最基本的含义是“拾起”、“拿
      起”,除此之外常见的还有“(在无线电里)收听到”,
      “(车辆等)中途搭人。中途带货”,“(偶然地,无意
      地)获得(收益,知识等),学会(语言)”等。
      Please pick up aIl the pieces of paper.
      请把所有的纸片都捡起来。
      My radio can pick up VOA very clearly.
      我的收音机收听“美国之音”很清楚。
      The train stopped to pick up passengers.
      火车停下来搭乘客。
      He picked up some knowledge of physics.
      他偶然获得了一些物理知识。
      (3) pick out 意思是“挑出;选出”、“分辨”
      We decided to pick out the best players to join in the
      game.
      我们决定挑出最好的选手来参加比赛。
      [注意] 这两个短语中 up 和 out 都是副词,如果宾语
      是人称代词,应该放在副词之前。
      You dmpped the book on the floor; now you should
      pick it up.
      你把书扔到地上了,现在你该把它拾起来。
  3. because of,owing to,due to,on account of,as a (the)
    result of,thanks to
    (1) because of,owing to,on account of 意为“因为,由
    于”,在句中一般作状语,可置于句首或句未。
    Because of / Owing to / On account of my absence,
    they had to put off the classmeeting till next week.
    由于我不在,他们只好将班会推迟到下个星期。
    The train arrived late because of / owing to / on account
    of a heavy snow.
    由于一场大雪火车来迟了。
    (2) due to 意为“由于”,它引导的短语在句中一般用
    作表语和定语。但在很多场合,可与 owing to 通用,
    作状语,这一用法在现今英美语中也很流行,但不如
    owing to那么严谨罢了。
    He was injured due to (=owing to) a car accident,
    他由于一起汽车事故受了伤。
    His failure is due to the fact that he lacks experience.
    由于缺乏经验导致了他的失败。
    (3) as a (the) result of意为“由于……的结果”,一般
    用作状语。
    As a result of the war the lives of many people were
    lost.
    由于战争的缘故许多人丧了命。
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    (4)thanks to 这一短语介词,含有“幸亏、多亏、亏得、
  -- Do you know bow much the room costs?
  你知道这房间花费多少吗?
  -- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
  知道。/不知道。
  -- How much do you think the room costs?
  你认为这房间会花多少钱?
  -- I think the room costs 300 dollars.
  我认为会花300美元。
  2. You want to buy a CD for your friend's birthday but
    you are not sure what to buy.
    你想为朋友的生日买一张CD,但你拿不准该买什
    么。
    be sure 后可接不定式及从句。如:
    John is sure to pass the exam.
    约翰一定能通过考试。
    He is sure that the party will be a success.
    他确信这次聚会能获得成功。
    [注意] be sure 后接名词、代词、动名词时需用介词of
    或about。如:
    You may be sure of his honesty.
    你可以确信他是诚实的。
    I think he lives at No. 23 West st., but I'm not sure
    about the number.
    我认为他住在西大街23号,但对这个号码我不能肯
    定。
    [比较]be sure to do 与 be sure of doing
      John is sure to pass the exam.
      说话人确信约翰能通过考试。
      John is sure 0f passing the exam.
      约翰本人确信自己能通过考试。
    [提示] be not sure后常用whether / if, what, when,
    where 等引起从句,有时也用that。如:
    I'm not sure whether / if he will come to see me.
    我拿不准他是否会来看我。
    I was not sure what I ought to do.
    我拿不准该干什么。
    [辨析] sure 与 certain
    certain 一般可与sure换用,但在It is certain that...
    中不用sure。如:
    It is certain that our team will win the game.
    我们队肯定能赢得这场比赛。(不用sure)
  3. You want t0 find a good song to dance to.
    你想找一首好歌来伴舞。
    ① to dance to 是不定式作定语,修饰名词song,并与
    之形成动宾关系,这时的不定式应为及物性的,若动
    词不及物,则应加上适当介词。如:
    New York is a nice place to visit.
  纽约是个游览的好地方。
  Could you find me a chair to sit on?
  能给我找把椅子坐吗?
  ② dance to中的to表示“伴随,按照”。如
  He likes to sing to the piano.
  他喜欢钢琴伴唱。
  Please add salt to taste.
  请按口味加盐。
  The map was drawn to scale.
  这地图是按比例绘制的。
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  4. If only they could find a way to get to the room,
    behind the wall.
    要是他们能找到办法到达墙后面的房间,那就好了。
    if only虽然是从属连词,但它引导的从句却能单独
    成句,且能表达完整的意思:要是……该多好 --
    种不能实现或难以实现的愿望。它相当于wish,但
    语气更强。句后用句号或感叹号皆可。
    ① 表示已过去了的不能实现的愿望,常含有后悔、惋
    惜之意。谓语动词应使用had done形式。
    If only I had taken his advice!
    要是我听从了他的建议就好了!
    ② 表达现在不可实现的愿望,谓语动词用一般过去
    时。
    If only I could swim!
    我要是会游泳该多好!
    ③ 表达将来难以实现的愿望,谓语动词用would /
    could + 动词原形或一般过去时。
    If only she would help me!
    要是她能帮我就好了。
    [注意] if only 除以上用法外,它还相当于if,引导条
    件状语从句。
    ④ If only he gets the job, it will make a great deal of
    difference.
    要是他能得到这份工作,情况就大不一样了。
    [辨析] if only与only if
    if only 多用于虚拟语气;only if 多用于陈述语气,
    only 修饰 if,表示惟一的条件。
  5. He was just about to say something when Peter turned
    around.
    他正要说些什么,这时皮特转过身来。
    be about to do sth. 正要做某事,表示该动作马上就
    要进行,不能与时间状语连用。
    [误] He was about to leave in five minutes.
    [正] He would leave in five minutes.
    他5分钟后离开。
    when 在此表示“正在这时 / 那时,突然”(具体用法详
    见Chapter 1“词汇短语”)
  6. It looked as if the creature had moved.
    塑像好像动了。
    as if / though 仿佛,好像(引导表语/方式状语从句,
    表示与事实相反的情况时用虚拟语气)
    (1) 引导表语状语从句
    It looks as if it is going to rain.
    看来好像要下雨了。(真的要下雨了。)
    (2) 引导方式状语从句
    He talks as if he were / was an expert.
    他说话的样子好像是个专家似的。(事实上他不是
    专家。)
    (3) As if / though 引导的从句中若用虚拟语气,其谓
    语动词分别是:
    表示与现在事实相反:did / were (口语中单数也用
    was)
    when a pencil is partly in water, it looks as if it were /
    was broken.
    表示与过去事实相反:had done
    He is talking as though he had been to Beijing many
    times.
    表示与将来事实相反:could / would do
    He acts as if he would fly to the moon tomorrow.
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      ☆精典题例☆
  (    )1. One of the sides of the board should be painted
      yellow, and ____. (2000北京)
      A. the other is white  B. another white
      C. the other white    D. another is white
      【解析】选C  不能选A。white在句子中做主语的补
  语。"The other sides should be painted white." 这是完整的
  句子。
  (  )2. There are five pairs____, but I'm at a loss
      which to buy.
      A. to be chosen    B. to choose from
      C. to choose    D. for choosing
      【解析】选B choose from"从……中挑选”。
  (  )3. Look at the trouble I'm in! If only I ____ your
      advice. (2003 上海)
      A. followed    B. would follow
      C. had followed    D. should follow
      【解析】选C  If only I had followed your advice. 要是
  以前听你的建议就好了。虚拟语气,表过去的情况。
  (     ) 4.-- How do you ____ we go to Beijing for our
                  holidays?
              -- I think we'd better fly there. It's much more
                  comfortable. (2004 福建)
              A. insist              B. want
      C.suppose    D.suggest
      【解析】 选D  这也是个混合疑问句。根据宾语从句
  中的谓语go可确定应填写"suggest"。
  (  )5。 They started off late and got to the airport with
      minutes to ____.(2005湖北)
      A. spare    B. catch
      C. leave    D. make
      【解析】选A不定式作后置定语,跟所修饰的名词
  有动宾关系。本题只有spare才能与minutes构成动宾关
  系。
  (    )6. Allow children the space to voice their opinions,
      ____ they are different from your own. (2005
      湖南)
      A. until    B. even if
      C. unless    D. as though
      【解析】选B even if即使;as though = as if仿佛,好
  像。
  (    )7. ____ two exams to worry about, I have to
      work really hard this weekend. (2004北京)
      A. With    B. Besides
      C. As for    D. Because of
      【解析】选A “with + 宾语 + 宾补”常表示原因或理
  由。句意为:由于对两次考试担心,这个周末我不得不非
  常刻苦地学习。because of也表示原因,但后面不能带宾
  补。
  (  )8. Quite a few people used to believe that disaster ____
      if a mirror was broken. (2002上海)
      A. was sure of striking
      B. was sure of having struck
      C. was sureto be struck
      D. was sure to strike
      【解析】选D  be sure to do 表示说话人认为一定会发
  生某事。
  (  )9. This picture was taken a long time ago. I wonder
      if you can ____ my father. (2005湖北)
      A. find out    B. pick out
      C. look out    D. speak out
      【解析】选B  pick out分辨出。
  (  )10. What he has done is far from ____. (2000 上
      海)
      A. Satisfactory    B. satisfied
      C. satisfaction    D. satisfy
      【解析】 选A   far from“远远不是”,后常跟形容词短
  语。far from (being) satisfactory 意为“离满意还差得远”。
  类似的说法还有:far from perfect / pleasant / happy /
  finished。
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