2011暑假必备宝典之高一英语知识点总结Unit15-16

gksix

[url=/collect/20160722/fuwu.html][/url]

【考例l】(NMET 1994) Don't all speak at once!
____ please．
    A. Each at one time
    B. One by one time
    C. One for each time
    D. One at a time
[考查目标]此题主要考查time短语的用法。
[答案与解析]D at a time 每次；one at time 每次一
个；“一个接一个”应该用one by one, 不可以在后面加
lime；at one time过去有段时间，曾经。本句话意思是
“不要都同时讲话，一个一个的说!”
【考点2】与“数量”有关的短语
①a few 一些，几个
②a series of 一连串的。一系列
③a bit (of) 少量的，一点，也不
④a pairr of 一对，一双
⑤a bottle of 一瓶
⑥a glass of 一杯
⑦a piece of 一件
⑧a kind of 一种
⑨a little 一点
⑩a lot of / lots of 许多
⑥plenty of 许多，大量的
⑥a number of 许多
⑩the number of... …的数量
⑩a great deal of 许多，大量
⑩a basin of 一盆
⑩a bowl of 一碗
⑥a basket of 一篮
⑩a bucket of 一桶
⑩a handful of 一把
⑩a mouthful of 一口
[例句] A series of rainy days spoiled our vacation. 一连
串的阴雨天破坏了我们的假期。
There lay a pair of glasses on the desk. 在课桌上放着一
副眼镜。
There was plenty of work for girls of her age. 对于她这
个年龄的女孩来说，有很多工作。
A great number of civilians were murdered in the war.
大量的平民在战争中被杀害。
She thought that her friend must have been through a
great deal of trouble. 她想她的朋友肯定经历了许多麻
烦事。
【考例2】(NMET 1996) The number of people invited
____ fifty，but a number of them ____ absent
for different reasons．
    A. were; was    B. was; was
    C. was; were    D. were; were
[考查目标] 此题主要考查主谓一致。
[答案与解析]C “the number of + 复数名词”作主语
时，谓语动词用单数形式；“a number of + 复数名词”作
主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。

gkfour

[url=/collect/20160722/fuwu.html][/url]

[牛刀小试2]
根据所给汉语句子的意思完成英语句子，每空只填一
个词。
1. 她费尽力气想看懂那些说明文字，却全然不知所云。
  She tries to understand the instructions，but she was ____ ____ ____.
2. 不要什么事情都一块儿干，要一次做一点儿。
Don't try to do everything ____; take
it a bit ____.
3. 这家出版社出版了一套新的英语学习读物。
  The publishing house has published ____ ____ ____ ____English learning materials.
4. 这裤子花了30美元，比预料的要贵得多。
These trousers ____ $30 ____ ____,
which was much more expensive than ____.
5. 病人在医院住了好长一段时间，人们建议他去海边
  恢复健康。    ．
  After staying in hospital for long, the patient was
  ____ to go to the seaside to ____ ____  his health．
☆句型诠释☆
1. 英语句型中的否定前移
  在英语中，如果主句的动词是think, suppose,
  expect, believe, imagine 之类的动词，而且主语又是
  第一人称，宾语从句要表达否定，其否定形式应迁移
  到主句。但是，如果构成反意疑问句时，要把否定形
  式再迁移到从句中去，以从句为准。
  I don't think you're right.
  我认为你不对。
  I don't suppose I shall be back until 9 o'clock.
  我想几点以前我回不来。
  I don't think your answer is right, is it?
  我认为你的回答不对，是不是?
2. 助动词do 强调谓语动词的用法
  在肯定句中，助动词do可用来强调谓语动词，带有
  感情色彩，可译成“真的，的确”。
  You do look nice today.
  你今天看起来真漂亮。
  We did need help those days.
  在那些日子里我们的确需要帮助。
3. be (was / were) to do
  此结构表示安排、命令、职责、义务、目的、用途、可能
  性、命中注定等。
  You are to be baek bv 11 o'clock.
  你得在11点钟前回来。(命令)
  I am to inform you that the meeting will be held in
  Hangzhou.
  我谨通知你会议在杭州举行。(职责)
  A knife is to cut with.
  刀是用来切割的。(用途)
  They were never to meet again.
  他们注定以后永远不会见面。(命中注定)
  If there is to be peace, we must try in every way to
  prevent war.
  要和平，就得想一切办法制止战争。(可能性)

gkfive

[url=/collect/20160722/fuwu.html][/url]

4. 祈使句+ and + 陈述句结构
  在这种句子结构中，祈使句表示条件，陈述句表示结
  果，它相当于If you..., you will...，另外，祈使句+
  or + 陈述句结构表示：If (not)..., you will，有时候，
  祈使句中的动词可省略。
  Work harder, and you'll find it not difficult to learn.
    再用功一点，你就会发现它不难写。
    Hurry up, or you will be late.
    快一点，否则你会迟到。
    More effort, and you can finish it in time.
再加把劲，你会按时完成它。
【句型归纳】
【考点1】Pierre and I did have a very good time at the
ball. 皮埃尔与我确实在舞会上玩得很开心。
该句中的did为助动词，加强谓语动词have的语气。
在“助动词do / does / did + 动词原形”结构中，助动词
do / does / did意思是“确实，的确，一定”。常常用在
肯定句或祈使句中，起加强语气的作用。有人称和时
态的变化。例如：
Do send me e-mail immediately you arrive at Beijing. 你
一到北京，一定要给我发电子邮件。
He does smoke two packs of cigarettes every day. 他确
实每天抽两包烟。
The company earned much more this month than it did
last month. 公司本月赚的钱要比上个月多得多。
【考例1】(NMET 2000) An awful accident____,
however, occur the other day.
    A. does    B. did
    C. was to    D. had to
[考查目标] 对句子中谓语的强调。
[答案与解析] B  助动词do (does用于第三人称) 用于
对现在时态的强调；did用于对过去时态的强调，后面
均接动词原形。
【考点2】In the eighteenth century, Benjamin Franklin
conducted a number of experiments in which he showed
what electricity is. 18世纪。本杰明·富兰克林做了一系
列的试验，以证明电是什么。
注意：该句子中的a number of 作主语，谓语动词用复数
形式。例如：
A number of children play video games online. 很多的
孩子在网上玩电子游戏。
a number of意思是“许多，数目”，作主语时，谓语动词
用复数形式。the number of意思是“数量”，作主语时，
谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
A number of people prefer to sending e-mail each other
t0 writing letters. 许多人更愿意发电子邮件，而不愿意
写信。
The number of milu deer is increasing year by year. 麋
鹿的数目在逐年增加。

gkfour

[url=/collect/20160722/fuwu.html][/url]

【考例2】(NMET 1996) The number of people invited
____ fifty，but a number of them ____ absent
fnr different reasons.
    A. were; was    B. was; was
    C. was; were    D. were; were
[考查目标] 主谓一致。
[答案与解析] C  根据以上的解释，应该选was；were。
【考点3】Having realized that I could use a kite to attract
Iightning, I decided to do an experiment. 意识到可以用
风筝引来闪电之后，我便决定做个实验。
该句中的having realized是v-ing形式的完成式在句中
作状语。
v-ing形式在句中的主要作用是作状语，having done表
示非谓语动词的动作先于渭语动词的动作，而且要注
意非谓语与句子主语之间存在着主动关系时，用hav—
ing done；非谓语与句子主语之间存在着被动关系时，
用having been done；其否定形式是在v-ing前加not。
例如：
Having finished his homework, the boy decided to play
football for a while. 做完了作业．他决定去踢一会儿
球。
Not having cleaned the classroom, they couldn't go
home. 还没有打扫完教室，他们还不能回家。
Having been praised in class, the girl felt very happy.
那个姑娘在班上得到表扬，感到很高兴。
【考例3】(2001上海春招) ____ from heart trouble
for years, Professor White has to take some medicine
with him wherever he goes.
    A. Suffered    B. Suffering
    C. Having suffered    D. Being suffered
[考查目标]非谓语动词v-ing。
[答案与解析]C  v-ing形式的逻辑主语是Professor
White，Professor White和suffer之间存在着主动关
系，而且根据，for years，表示suffer 的动作持续换了
多少年，所以用v-ing完成式表示原因。
[牛刀小试3]
1. He ____ to the railway station, only to find the
  train had been away for 5 hours.
     A. did go               B. had gone
     C. had to go            D. has gone
2.  ____ careful while crossing the street.
     A. Your being          B. To be
     C. Do be                D. Being
3. ____ of deaths from heart disease will be reduced
  greatly if people are persuaded to eat more fruit and
  vegetables.
     A. The number         15. A number
     C. A lot of            D. Many
4. ____ in the queue for half an hour, Tom sudden-
  ly realized that he had left his wallet at home. (2004)
     A. To wait              B. Have waited
   C. Having waited    D. To have waited

gkfive

[url=/collect/20160722/fuwu.html][/url]

    【交际速成】
【考点1】Asking for permission 征求许可
(2004 广东)
  Do you mind if I open the window?
…    I feel a bit cold．
    A. of course not.
    B. I'd rather you didn't.
    C. Go ahead.
    D. Why not?
[答案与解析]B  本题考查对征求许可的应答用语。
根据所提供的情景“I feel a bit cold”，说明对方不愿意
把窗户打开，所以B项符合语境。
【归纳】英语中常见表达征求许可的用语有：
①Could We / I...?
②May / Can I...?
③Shalll / we...?
④Is it possible...?
⑤Do / Would you mind...?
⑥Is it all right if l sit here?
⑦I wonder if I could smoke here.
应答用语有：
①Yes, please．
②Sure / Certainly．
③That's all right.
④Of course, you can / may.
⑤Please do.
⑥Go ahead, please.
⑦I'm sorry, it's not allowed.
⑧I'm afraid not.
⑨You'd better not.
【考点2】Giving instructions 发出指令
(2004湖北) ____ follow the instructions given at
the top of the page.
    A. You're sure    B. Be sure to
    C. Sure to    D. Sure about
[答案与解析]B  本题考查表达指令的功能意念。此
句Be sure to do意为“务必做……”，所以B项正确。
【归纳】英语中发出指令时常用祈使句式，例如：
A.
①Build the frame of the kite by making...
②Tie the corners of the handkerehief to the points of
  the cross...
③Add a tail to the frame and tie a Iong string to the
  cross...
④First, fix a sharp piece of metal...Second, fasten a
  key to the end of the long string...Third, tie a silk
  ribbon to the string...
⑤Fly the kite when...
B.
Don't touch anything unless your teacher tells you to.
【考点3】Discussing and evaluating pros and cons 讨论和
评估赞成与反对
-- It's more expensive to live in the city than to live in
  the country, I think.
-- ____. Living in the city brings people more con—
  venience, though.
    A. You're wrong
    B. I'm sorry to hear that
    C. I couldn't agree more
    D. That's all right
[答案与解析]C  本题考查讨论和评估赞成与反对的
功能项目。根据所提供的情景“living in the city
brings people more convenience, though.”，时话一方
首先赞成另一方的观点，同时表述了自己的看法。所
以C项符合语境。

gkfour

[url=/collect/20160722/fuwu.html][/url]

【归纳】讨论和评估赞成与反对时，英语中使用下列说
法，例如：
阐述优点(advantages) 时：
①It's good for the economy.
②It can help many people in the future.
③It is cleaning and does not pollute the air.
④It is important for science.
⑤It brings people more comfort.
指出缺点(disadvantages)时：
①It is too expensive.
②It is dangerous or bad for your health.
③It is bad for the environment.
④It is unnecessary.
⑤Some people wm use it for other things.
[牛刀小试4]
      B. OK !
      C. Is that really necessary?
      D. That's it.
4. -- Don't make any noise. My child is sleeping.
    -- ____.
      A. No, I don't
      B. Oh, I'm sorry
      C. Yes, I know
      D. I didn't do that thing
    ☆精典题例☆
(  )1. Sometimes it was a bit boring to work there
    because there wasn't always ____ much to do．
    (2004 广东)
    A. such    B. that
    C. more    D. very
    【解析】选B本题考查that作副词的用法，在这里that
是副词，等于so，有“那么”之意，much后面省略了work。
(  )2. "We can't go out in this weather," said Bob,
    ____ out of the window. (2004全国卷)
    A. looking    B. to look
    C. looked    D. having looked
    【解析】选A此题考查非谓语动词的用法，从句子
意思及结构来看，此处应用现在分词做伴随状语。
(  )3. Do let your mother know all the truth. She
    appears ____ everything.
    A. tell    B. to be told
    C. to be telling    D. to have been told
    【解析】选D本题考查动词不定式的用法，不定式
有一般式、进行式和完成式，还有主动和被动形式。一般
式表示动作发生在谓语动词之后，进行式表示动作和谓语
动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成式表示动作发生在谓语
动词之前。
(  )4. Yes. ____ more words and expressions and you
    wm find it easier tO read and communicate.
    (2004上海)
    A. Know    B. Knowing
    C. To know    D. Known

gkfour

[url=/collect/20160722/fuwu.html][/url]

    【解析】选A本题考查祈使句+and+陈述句结构。
(  )5. Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If
    not, you may ____ run over by a car. (2002
    北京)
    A. have    B. get
    C. become    D. turn
    【解析】选B本题考查get + 过去分词的用法，get +
过去分词经常用在口语中表被动语态，强调动作突然发生
或未曾料到的事态的结果。
(  )6. Mr Smith, ____ of the ____ speech, started
    to read a novel.
    A. tired; boring    B. tiring; bored
    C. tired; bored    D. tiring; boring
    【解析】选A   tired of表示“对……感到厌烦”，作原
因状语和主语是被动关系。boring是现在分词作定语修
饰speech，和speech是主动关系，等于the speech which
was boring。
(  )7. -- Do you mind if I open the window?
    -- ____. I feel abit cold. (2004广东)
    A. Of course not    B. I'd rather you didn't
    C. Go ahead    D. Why not
    【解析】选B在回答Do you mind...时，如果表示反
对，应用委婉说法。
(    )8. I'd like to buy a house - modern, comfortable,
    and ____ in a quiet neighborhood.
    A. in all    B. above all
    C. after all    D. at all
    【解析】选B   above all意为“最重要的是”，其它短语
意思不符合。
(    )9. ____ in the queue for half an hour, Tom
    suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at
    home. (2004  北京)
    A. To Wait    B. Have waited
    C. Having waited    D. To have waited
    【解析】选C 现在分词的完成式表示此动作在主句
谓语动词之前。
(  )10. I do every single bit of housework ____ my
    husband Bob just does the dishes now and then.
    (2004  全国卷)
    A. since    B. while
    C. when    D. as
    【解析】选B while“然而，却”，表示对比关系。