2011暑假必备宝典之高一英语知识点总结Unit17-18

gkthree

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　　[例句]I didn't menti’on it because I was afraid of upset—
　　ting him. 我没有提起那件事，因为我怕他心烦意乱。
　　He felt very proud of having a friend with such noble
　　ideas. 他非常自豪的是有这样一位思想高尚的朋友。
　　Make full use of every chance you have to speak Eng—
　　lish. 要充分利用一切机会说英语。
　　His work is highly thought of by the critics. 他的作品
　　深受评论家推崇。
　　I did think of resigning, but I decided not to. 我原来确
　　实打算辞职，但后来打消了这个念头。
　　【考例3】(NMET 1988) The passengers were robbed ____
　　    all their money．
　　    A. of    B. off
　　    C. from    D. away
　　[考查目标] 此题主要考查 rob的 用法。
　　[答案与解析]A rob 构成短语rob sb. of sth“抢夺某人
　　的东西”。
　　[牛刀小试2]
　　在下列句子的空白处填上适当的介词或副词：
　　1. In Britain today women make ____ 44% of the
　　   workforce, and nearly half the mothers with children
　　   are in paid work.
　　2. They were standing so far away that 1 couldn't make
　　    ____ their faces clearly.
　　3. -- What do you think ____ Andrew?
　　   -- There are some things that are not easy to put
　　       ____  ____, and his coldness is one.
　　4. In order to improve her skill, she make full use
　　    ____ her chance to practise.
　　5.-- What do you think of Linna?
　　   -- She is a good person that is easy to get  ____ ____.
　　    ☆句型诠释☆
　　1. It has often been said that life is difficult as it is
　　  人们经常说生活本身是很艰难的。
　　  (1)It is said that...是常见句型，意思是“据说；人们
　　  说”，类似的结构还有：
　　  It is thought that / It is reported that / It is believed
　　  that / It is hoped that...
　　  此句型也可变成sb. is said to do sth.
　　  (2) as it is是固定结构，表示“根据现在情况看；就以
　　  现在这个样子”，常用于句子开头或结尾。
　　  I thought things would get better, but as it is they
　　  were getting worse.
　　  我当初以为情况会好起来的，但事实上：却是每况愈
　　  下。

gkfour

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　　2. Talk about the reasons why we admire great women.
　　  淡一谈为什么我们崇拜伟大女性的原因。
　　  why we admire great women 是同位语从句，用来解
　　  释说明reasons。充当同位语从句的连接词的不仅仅
　　  只有that。whether, when, where, how, why都可用来引导同位语从句。
　　  He can't answer the question how hc got the money.
　　  I have no idea when he will he back.
　　  The suggestion where we should build our new factory
　　  should be considered.
　　  We must face the fact that we had spent all the money.
　　  同位语从句前的名词在从句中不作任何成分。
　　3. For women it sometimes seems twice as difficult.
　　  对女人而言，这种困难要大两倍。
　　  英语中倍数的表达经常用下列例句中的几种办法：
　　  (1) 倍数 + (形 / 副) 比较级 + than…
　　  This hall is five times bigger than ours.
　　  The car runs twice faster than the truck.
　　  (2)倍数 + as + (形 / 副) 原级 + as...
　　  Asia is four times as large as Europe.
　　  The plane flew ten times as high as the kite.
　　  (3) 倍数 + the size (length / width / height...) + of
　　  This street is four times the length of that one.
　　  The hill is twice the height of that hill.
　　4. I found myself spending a whole day in my tent.
　　  我发现自己在帐篷里度过一整天了。
　　  find oneself...意思是“发现自己(处于某种状态)；不
　　  知不觉地”，后面跟动词的-ing形式短语、过去分词
　　  短语、介词短语作宾语补足语，常见的有这种用法的
　　动}司有：see / watch / catch / notice / hear / listen to /
　　feel等。
　　   I found myself in hospital when I woke up.
　　   Then I found myself surrounded by a group of boys.
　　   When I came in, I found him &ring his homework.
　　5. New Zealand is an important agricultural country,
　　    with cattle farming on the North Isled, while the
　　    hilly South Island has more sheep farms.
　　新两兰是一个重要的农业国家，北部养牛，而南部
　　山区养羊居多。
　　with + 名词 + 现在分词／过去分词／介词短语 /副词／
　　动词不定式／形容测构成 with 的复合结构，这种结
　　构通常在句子中作定语或状语，作状语时，表伴随
　　状况或原因。
　　He likes sleeping with the windows open.
　　He gave his seat to a woman with a baby in her arms.
　　With Tom to help us we're sure to complete the task.
　　He stood there with a group of children surrouilding
　　him.
　　With a lot  of difficult  problems to be settled, the
　　newly-elected president is having a hard time.

gkone

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　　【句型归纳】
　　【考点l】What has become of her. 她的情况怎么样了?
　　该句中的 become of 常常构成这样的同定句型。例如：
　　What has become of the injured driver? 那位受伤的司
　　机情况怎么样了?
　　“What has / will become of sth / sb?”means“what
　　happened / will happen to sth / sb?”
　　意思是“某人、某物情况(遭遇)怎么样了?”例如：
　　What will become of her children if their mother dies?
　　如果他们的妈妈死了，这些孩子们的遭遇将会如何?
　　【考例】】What would ____ my child if I were on
　　business?
　　    A. look after    B. care about
　　    C. become of    D. attend
　　[考查目标] 考查动词短语。
　　[答案与解析] C  根据句子的意思是“如果我去出差，
　　我的孩子情况会怎么样呢?”应该填hecome of。
　　【考点2】On the third day I was struggling through
　　stormy weather and during the next week the wind grew
　　stronger and I found myself spending a whole day in my
　　tent. 第三天，我与暴风雨天气拼搏。接下来的星期里，
　　风刮得越发猛烈了，我只好整天呆在帐篷里。
　　该句中的grow常常作系动词，意思是“逐渐变得”。例
　　如：
　　The music grew faint as the band marched away. 音乐
　　随着乐队走远而渐渐减弱。
　　系动词常常分为五类：①  有be；② 感官：feel, smile,
　　taste, look, sound；③ 变化：become, grow, get, turn,
　　go, fall, come；④ 好像：appear, look, seemt ⑤ 保持：
　　keep, remain, stay, lie等等，系动词没有被动语态。很
　　少用进行时态。例如：
　　Please keep still while taking photos. 照相时，请保持安
　　静。
　　The mixture tasted very terrible. 这种混合物尝起来很
　　可怕。
　　【考例2】(2004湖北) On hearing the news of the acei—
　　dent in the coal mine, she ____ pale.
　　    A. got    B. changed
　　    C. went    D. appeared
　　[考查目标] 考查系动词。
　　[答案与解析] C   A是持续变化过程；B是实义动词，
　　后面不接形容词；D是表面是这样而事实并非如此；C
　　是情况由好变坏。故选C。
　　【考点3】I had fallen into a hole and was hanging on the
　　ropes tied to the sled. 我掉进了雪洞，挂在绑着雪橇的
　　绳索上。
　　该句中的tied作定语。例如：
　　This is the latest book written by the famous professor
　　— Stephen Hawking. 这就是那位著名的教授--斯
　　带芬?霍金--最新出版的书。
　　【考例3】(2004浙江) Linda worked for the Minnesota
　　Manufacluring and Mining Company,  ____ as 3M.
　　    A. knowing    B. known
　　    C. being known    D. to be known
　　[考查目标] v-ed作定语。
　　[答案与解析]B  过去分词作定语，表示过去分词与所
　　修饰名词为被动关系。

gkfour

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　　【考点4】Oprah Winfrey is not just a very successful TV
　　personality in the US, she is also a woman who has in-
　　spired millions．欧普拉?温弗丽不仅仅是美国一位成
　　功的电视名人，而且还是位鼓舞了千百万人的女性。
　　该句中的not just / only...(but) also... 为并列连词。连
　　接两个简单句。例如：
　　Singers of the country music do not just come from the
　　States also from all over the world. 乡村音乐的歌手不
　　仅仅来自美国，而且来自世界各地。
　　注意：在并列连词not just / only...(but)also...连接同
　　等的句子成分，如果连接两个名词或代词作主语，谓语
　　动词要与后面的名词或代词保持一致。如果连接两个
　　分句，第一分句需要部分倒装。例如：
　　Not only Mr. Smith but also his children were invited to
　　New Year's Party. 不但是史密斯先生，而且他的孩子
　　们都受邀请出席了新年晚会。
　　Shakespeare was not only a writer but also an actor. 莎
　　士比亚不仅是位作家．而且是演员。
　　Not only is he fond of doing exercises but also his wife
　　joins him in it. 不仅是他喜欢运动，而且他的妻子也喜
　　欢与他一起运动。
　　【考例4】(2002上海春招) Not only ____ interested
　　In football but ____ beginning to show an interest
　　in it．
　　    A. the teacher himself is; all his students are
　　    B. the teacher himself is; are all his students
　　    C. is the teacher himself; are a11 his students
　　    D. is the teacher himself; all his students are
　　[考查目标] not just / only...(but)also...一的部分倒装。
　　[答案与解析]D  根据以上的解释，第一分句需要部分
　　倒装。第二分句不需要倒装。
　　【考点5】New Zealand wine is of high quality and is sold
　　aIJ over the world. 新西兰的酒质量很高。畅销全世界。
　　该句中的be + of + n. 为一个固定结构。例如：
　　I think listening to English every day is of great help to
　　learners. 我认为每天听英语，对初学者来说，非常有帮
　　助。
　　be + of + n. 意思是“具有……”。其中的名词多为抽象
　　名词，如: use，help，importance等；这时be+ of + n. =
　　be + adj. (相对应的形容词)。名词也可以为具体名
　　词．如：age, weight, height, length, width, size。这种
　　结构在句中可以作表语、定语或宾语补足语。例如：
　　The suggestion he made at the meeting is of great use.
　　(作表语) 他在会上提的建议很有用。
　　The young guy of average height is our new chemistry
　　teacher. (作定语)那位中等身材的年轻人是我们的新
　　化学老师。
　　We found the dictionary of no use. (作定语)我们发现
　　这本字典根本没用。

gkthree

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　　【考例5】(NMET 1998) You'll find this map of great
　　 ____ in helping you to get round London．
　　    A. price    B. cost
　　    C. value    D. useful
　　[考查目标]be + of + n. 作宾语补足语。
　　[答案与解析]C  根据句子的意思“你会发现在你在伦
　　敦转的时候，这张地图很有价值”。所以选value。
　　[牛刀小试3]
　　1. Don't use words, expressions, or phrases ____
　　  only to people with specific knowledge. (2004 上海)
　　     A. being known         B. having been known
　　     C. to be known         D. known
　　2. I don't know what will ____ us if the company
　　  gocs bankrupt (破产).
　　     A. happen              B. strike at
　　     C. become of            D. occur
　　3. I wonder ____ became ____ the neighbor
　　   who lived next door.
　　     A, what; to            B. what; of
　　     C. if; of               D. whether; to
　　4. Do you think the lecture is ____ to students be-
　　   fore NMET comes?
　　     A. very help            B. very helpful
　　     C. great helpful         D. whether helpful
　　5.  ____ snacks and drinks, but they also brought
　　   cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the
　　   forest. (2004 上海)
　　     A. Not only they brought
　　      B. Not only did they bring
　　     C. Not only brought they
　　     D. Not only they did bring

gkthree

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　　    【交际速成】
　　【考点1】Describing people描述人物
　　(2005北京东城)
　　-- Do you like Nack?
　　     Yes, Nack is good, kind, hard-working and intelli-
　　  gent; ____, I can't speak too highly of him.
　　     A. as a result           B. in a word
　　     C. by the way           D. on the contrary
　　[答案与解析]B  本题考查在描述人物的语境中短语
　　的正确使用。根据所提供的情景“ Ican't speak too
　　highly of him.”(我无论怎么称赞他都不为过)可判断
　　B项符合语境。
　　【归纳】当描述人物时．英语中常见表达方式有：
　　① She seems to me to be the kind of woman who...
　　② The impression she makes on me is...
　　③ I think she is the kind of person who--.
　　④ She could be...
　　⑤ She looks as if...
　　⑥ She might be...
　　⑦ You can see that...
　　⑧ People like her.-.
　　⑨ She doesn't seem'"
　　⑩ It is (not) like him to do...
　　他做某事(不)与他这个人的风格相称。例如：
　　It was just Iike him to think of himself first. 凡事都先
　　考虑他自己，这就是他的作风。
　　【考点2】Describing location and direction 描述方位和方
　　向
　　-- Can you tell me about Shanghai, l.iu Mei?
　　-- Of course. Shanghai lies ____ the west of the Pa
　　  cific Ocean,  where you can't find many islands
　　   ____ the coast.
　　     A. on; off             B. to; along
　　     C. in; off               D. on; along
　　[答案与解析]A本题考查描述方位和方向的正确表
　　达方法。on the west of，在……的西面(强调接壤)，Dff
　　the (east) coast 在(东部)沿海，所以A项正确。
　　【归纳】英语中描述方位和方向的表达方式有：
　　① It is / lies in the north / south / east / west of...它位
　　  于……的北部／南部／东部／西部(表在某范围内)
　　② It is / lies to the north / south / east / west of...它
　　  位于……的北面／南面／东面／西面／(表在某范围之
　　  外)
　　③ It is / lies on the north / south / east / west of... 它
　　  位于……的北面／南面／东面／西面／(表接壤)
　　④ It is / lies in the northern / sourhern / eastern /
　　  western part of…
　　⑤ It's / lies in the northeastern／northwestern / south—
　　  eastern / southwestern Sichuan…

gksix

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　　[牛刀小试4]
　　1. There are many islands ____ the northwest coast
　　  of Scotland, which lies ____ the north of Eng-
　　  land.
　　     m. to; on              B. on; to
　　     C. off; in              D. off; to
　　2. -- Ann has ____; you can't trust her with any
　　     secrets.
　　  -- Really? Then I will be more careful next time.
　　     A. quick mouth         B. big mouth
　　     C. a poor mouth        D. a big mouth
　　3.-- What do you think of the picture ____
　　     left?
　　  -- I must say it is really very good.
　　     A. of     B. on        C. in     D. at
　　4. -- What is your new teacher like?
　　     -- ____.
　　     A. She likes singing'
　　     B. She doesn't like sports
　　     C. She seems very kind to us
　　     D. She's fallen ill
　　☆精典题例☆
　　(     ) 1. -- Do you like ____ here?
　　            -- Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of
　　                life. Everything is so nice. (NMET 2004)
　　            A. this               B. these
　　            C. that               D. it
　　    【解析】选D    本题考查it的特殊用法，it在这里指
　　模糊的情形、环境、状况。其余代词指具体事物、
　　(     ) 2. ____ two exams to worry about,  I have to
　　            work really hard this weekend. (2004 北京)
　　            A. With              B. Besides
　　            C. As for               D. Because of
　　    【解析】选A  本题考查with结构的用法，在句中
　　with结构作状语．
　　(     ) 3. For the sake of her daughter's health, she
　　             decided to move to a warm ____.
　　             A. weather            B. temperature
　　             C. season               D. climate
　　    【解析】选D    这道题考查几个名词的用法，句意是
　　“为了女儿的健康，她决定搬迁到气候比较温暖的地方
　　去”，weather泛指气候或天气，是不可数名词，而climate
　　则强调某个地区的天气或气候。
　　(     ) 4. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found
　　           ____ in the kitchen.
　　            A. smoke              B. smoking
　　            C. to smoke            D. smoked
　　    【解析】选B   这道题考查find的用法，动词find后
　　面经常跟形容词、现在分词、过去分词、介词短语作宾语补
　　足语，跟现在分词和过去分词的区别在于：前者表示主动
　　和动作持续进行，后者表示被动和动作已经完成，当主语
　　十谓语+宾语+宾语补足语变为被动语态时，宾语补足语
　　就成为主语补足语。

gkfour

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　　(     ) 5. All the employees except the manager ____ to
　　            work online at home. (2004 广东)
　　            A. encourages          B. encourage
　　            C. is encouraged        D. are encouraged
　　    【解析】选D   本题考查主谓一致与时态，本句的主
　　语是employees。
　　(     ) 6. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday
　　         ___ yet. (2003 上海春招)
　　            A. are not decided
　　            B. have not been decided
　　            C. is not being decided
　　            D. has not been decided
　　    【解析】选D  由what，who，why，how，when等
　　“wh-”引导的名词性分句作主语时，其后的谓语动词用单
　　数．两个由and连接的并列名词性分句如果表示一件事
　　情．谓语动词要用单数。
　　(     ) 7. The flu is believed ____ by viruses that like to
　　            reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and
　　            throat.  (2004 上海)
　　            A. causing              B. being caused
　　            C. to be caused         D. to have caused
　　    【解析】选C  根据flu和介词by可知应该用被动语
　　态，所以排除A、D项，再根据is believed，可知C项为最佳
　　选项，因为sth. is believed / considere / thought是英语中
　　的一种常见句式。
　　(    ) 8. There were dirty marks on her trousers
　　     she had wiped her hands. (2004 全国)
　　     A. where               B. which
　　     C. when               D. that
　　    【解析】选A   本题考查定语从句的关系词，本句意
　　思为“在她的裤子上，她擦过手的地方，有脏脏的印记”。
　　where在其引导的定语从句在句中作地点状语。
　　(     ) 9. Don't leave the water ____ while you brush
　　            your teeth. (2004 天津)
　　            A. run                B. running
　　            C. being run           D. to run
　　    【解析】选B   本句考查leave + 名词 + 现在分词／过
　　去分词结构，水流出来属于主动行为，所以要用runniikg。
　　(     ) 10. -- Is this raincoat yours?
　　            -- No, mine ____ there behind the door.
　　            A. hangs              B. has hung
　　            C. is hanging           D. hung
　　    【解析】选C   这道题考查动词hang的用法，当hang
　　作“悬挂着，吊着”讲时，为不及物动词，现在进行时强调动
　　作的暂时性．答案为C。