[高考英语语法]冠词用法讲解

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　　不定冠词
        　　不定冠词用于名词之前, 表示“一个” “一类”. a用于一般名词之前, an用于发音以元音音素开头的词之前(不是以元音字母开头), 如: an apple, an hour, a university.
        　　一.不定冠词的用法:
        　　1.第一次提到某人某事某物时, 用a / an起介绍作用
        　　a. What is he? He is a teacher.
        　　b. There is a new book on the table.
        　　2.概括人或事物的整体, 表示一类, 即以其中的一个代表一类时用a / an
        　　a. A bike is very useful in the countryside.
        　　b. An elephant is stronger than a horse.
        　　3.a / an用于某些词组, 是词组不可缺少的组成部分, 如: go out for a walk, a long time, a few, a mouthful, have a talk, as a result, in a hurry
        　　4.a表示“每一”之意, 用于表示时间, 速度, 价格等意义的名词之前, 如: three times a day每天三次
        　　a. The eggs are five yuan a dozen.
        　　b. We have English lessons five times a week.
        　　5.a用于抽象名词之前表示具体介绍. “a+抽象名词”起具体化的作用, 表示 “一个什么样的人/事/物”
        　　a. This little boy is a joy to his parents.
        　　b. This book is a great help to me.
        　　c. The party is a great success.
        　　d. It is a pleasure to talk with you.
        　　6.用在称呼之前, 表示“某个”, 如: a Mr. Wang一个姓王的人
        　　7.and连接两个名词, 若分别加a / an, 表示两个人或物; 若只在第一个名词前加a / an, 则表示一个人或物, 如: a black and white horse一匹黑白相间的马; a black and a white horse一匹黑马和一匹白马;
        　　a. He a teacher and writer.他是位教师兼作家
        　　8.在 “of a / an +名词” 结构中, a / an表示“同一个”意思, 相当于the same
        　　a. He and I are of an age.他和我同龄
        　　b. The two pairs of shoes are of a size.两双鞋同尺码
        　　二.不定冠词的位置: 一般情况下, 不定冠词a / an位于其他形容词之前, 但在下列情况下, 不定冠词后移
        　　1.a / an位于such, many, what, half等词之后
        　　a. Half a month has passed.
        　　b. He is such a nice man. / He is so nice a man.
        　　2.在有些感叹句中, a / an位于形容词之后
        　　a. How nice a man you are !
        　　3.在形容词比较句中
        　　a. He is as great a man as ever lived.
        　　b. This is more valuable an idea than the others.
        　　4.副词too, quite, rather等修饰形容词时, a位于该副词之后
        　　a. That is quite a sudden change.
        　　b. We got rather a surprising result. (也可以说: a rather surprising result)
        　　定冠词

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一.不用定冠词的地方:
        　　1.复数可数名词或不可数名词表示一般意义而不特指具体的人或事物时, 不用the
        　　a. Horses are animals.
        　　b. I like flowers.
        　　c. Milk is white.
        　　d. Mr. Smith likes to have rice for dinner.
        　　e. Chairs are usually made of wood.
        　　2.国名,人名前不用the, 如: China, Japan, Mary, Henry
        　　3.在表示称呼的名词(与人名,专有名词连用)之前不用the, 如: Mr. Brown, Miss Green
        　　4.在表示公园,火车站的名词前不用the, 如: Beihai park, Zhongshan Park, Beijing Railway Station
        　　5.在表示三餐的名词之前不用the
        　　a. Let’s go out to dinner.
        　　6.表示职务,头衔的名词在句中作同位语,补语,表语时, 其前不用the
        　　a. He is elected monitor of our class.
        　　b. People elected him president of that country last year.
        　　7.在某些习惯用语中的名词前不用the, 以具体名词表示抽象概念, 如: at home, at first, by bus, by train, go to bed, go to school, in bed, in time
        　　a. The thief was thrown into prison.
        　　b. Before I go to bed, I’d like to have a cup of tea.
        　　c. Shall we go by plane or by train?
        　　d. The teacher asked us not to talk to each other in class.
        　　8.在表示体育运动, 娱乐活动的名词前不用the, 如: play basketball / football, play chess, play cards, play piano
        　　9.在表示日期, 星期, 月份, 季节, 节假日等时间的名词之前不用the.
        　　a. We have class from Monday to Saturday.
        　　b. Does your brother like skating in winter?
        　　c. March is the third month of a year.
        　　10.当名词前己有指示代词( this, that, these, those ), 物主代词, 所有格及every, some, any, no等不定代词修饰时, 便不再用the
        　　11.在turn (变为,变得)之后作表语的名词前不用冠词
        　　a. He used to be a teacher, but now has turned writer.
        　　12.as引出的表示让步意义的倒装句中, 最高级前不用the, 泛指的名词前不用a / an
        　　a. Best student as he is (= Though he is the best student), he is always modest.
        　　b. Child as he is ( =Though he is a child ), the boy knows a lot.
        　　13.表示西方节日的名词前一般不用冠词, 但仅中国有的传统节日名称前常用the, 中国传统节日如: the Spring Festival春节, the Lantern Festival元宵节, the Mid-autumn Festival中秋节
        　　a. How did you celebrate May Day this year ?

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二.哪些地方要用定冠词:
        　　1.在表示前面己说过的人或事物的名词之前加the
        　　a. I bought a book yesterday. The book is now on the desk.
        　　b. I got a letter yesterday. The letter was from my father.
        　　2.在表示说话人与听话人都知道的共同所指的事物前加the
        　　a. Shut the door, please.
        　　b. Boy and girls, look at the blackboard please.
        　　3.在表示一般意义的名词前加the表示特指
        　　a. He drinks milk everyday. The milk on the table is his.
        　　4.在序数词之前加the, 如: the first one, the last one, the second floor of the building
        　　5.the用来指整体
        　　a. The train goes faster than the bus.
        　　b. They are the teachers of this school.(指全体教师)
        　　c. They are teachers of this school. (指部分教师)
        　　6.用定语从句或of词组修饰的名词之前用the
        　　a. The boy who you saw just now is my brother.
        　　b. Do you remember the name of the city?
        　　c. The story we heard over the radio was very interesting.

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7.在表示方向, 方位等的名词前用the, 如: on the left, in the south, at the back of the classroom
        　　8.在表示西洋乐器的名词前用the, 如: play the piano / the violin, 中国民族乐器前不用the, 如:
        　　a. He played Erhu (二胡) very well.
        　　9.形容词或副词最高级之前加the, 副词最高级前的the可以省略
        　　a. Who does the homework (the) most carefully in your class?
        　　b. Tom is the tallest of the three children.
        　　10.在表示江, 河, 海洋, 海峡, 海湾, 群岛, 山脉的专有名词前加the, 如: the Yellow River, the Himalayas喜马拉雅山, the Red Sea红海, the Alps阿尔卑斯山, the Taiwan strait 台湾海峡
        　　11.表示海岛, 山峰, 湖泊等的名词前一般不用the, 如: Taiwan island, Lake Michigan
        　　12.在表示宇宙间独一无二的天体名词前用the, 如: the sun, the sky, the moon, the earth, the world
        　　13.在表示报刊, 杂志, 会议, 条约的名词前用the, 如: the People’s Daily, the 15th Party Congress党的十五大, the Atlantic Pact大西洋条约, the Times
        　　14.由普通名词构成的某些专有名词前要加the, 如: the Summer Palace, the Palace Museum, the Yanjin Hotel, the People’s Republic of China, the United Nations, the Chinese Communist Party
        　　15.表示“某某一家人”或“某某夫妇” 的专有名词之前要加the
        　　a. The Browns are at home to visitors today.
        　　b. The Whites are going on a trip next week.
        　　16.the + adj表示一类人, 如: the rich富人, the poor, the wounded伤者
        　　17.the用于表示语法名称的名词前, 如: the past tense, the past participle, the gerund
        　　18.the用在地名或人名前, 指“与该地该人相似的地方或人”
        　　a. He is the Edison of today.他是现代的爱迪生
        　　b. Shanghai is the New York of China.上海就是中国的纽约
        　　19.用在形容词only, very (正是,恰是), same (同样的)等之前用the
        　　a. She is the only girl in the family.
        　　b. That is the very book I’ve been looking for.
        　　c. We go to the same school.
        　　20.在一些固定结构中, the用在表人的身体部位的名词前
        　　a. Tom beat him in the face.
        　　b. He took the boy by the hand.
        　　c. The farmer led the cow by the nose.
        　　21.用在表年代, 朝代, 时代的名词前, 如: the Tang Dynasty, the Spring and Autumn period春秋时期, in the 30’s
        　　22.the +比较级表示两者当中“较…的那个”
        　　a. Who is the more beautiful of the two girls ?

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冠词的使用中要注意的问题:
        　　1.专有名词可以加不定冠词或定冠词来指出一时的或新的一种概念
        　　a. The China ruled by the “gang of four” is gone. A new China will be born.
        　　2.多个限定词修饰一个名词时, 冠词一般居于首位, 但少数结构特殊, 如: all / both / half + the + n.; such / quite / what + a(n) +adj.+ n.; so / how / too / as + adj + a(n) + n., 如: all the students, half the time, such a nice boy, quite a long time, what a good teacher, so nice a boy, too difficult a problem
        　　b. The Whites are going on a trip next week.
        　　16.the + adj表示一类人, 如: the rich富人, the poor, the wounded伤者
        　　17.the用于表示语法名称的名词前, 如: the past tense, the past participle, the gerund
        　　18.the用在地名或人名前, 指“与该地该人相似的地方或人”
        　　a. He is the Edison of today.他是现代的爱迪生
        　　b. Shanghai is the New York of China.上海就是中国的纽约
        　　19.用在形容词only, very (正是,恰是), same (同样的)等之前用the
        　　a. She is the only girl in the family.
        　　b. That is the very book I’ve been looking for.
        　　c. We go to the same school.
        　　20.在一些固定结构中, the用在表人的身体部位的名词前
        　　a. Tom beat him in the face.
        　　b. He took the boy by the hand.阿
        　　c. The farmer led the cow by the nose.
        　　21.用在表年代, 朝代, 时代的名词前, 如: the Tang Dynasty, the Spring and Autumn period春秋时期, in the 30’s
        　　22.the +比较级表示两者当中“较…的那个”
        　　a. Who is the more beautiful of the two girls ?

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        　　冠词的使用中要注意的问题:
        　　1.专有名词可以加不定冠词或定冠词来指出一时的或新的一种概念
        　　a. The China ruled by the “gang of four” is gone. A new China will be born.
        　　2.多个限定词修饰一个名词时, 冠词一般居于首位, 但少数结构特殊, 如: all / both / half + the + n.; such / quite / what + a(n) +adj.+ n.; so / how / too / as + adj + a(n) + n., 如: all the students, half the time, such a nice boy, quite a long time, what a good teacher, so nice a boy, too difficult a problem