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发表于 2016-7-24 16:36:51 | 显示全部楼层

          11.(2011·上海卷)(C)
          Human remains of ancient settlements will be reburied and lost to science under a law that threatens research into the history of humans in Britain, a group of leading archaeologists(考古学家) says. I a letter addressed to the justice secretary, Ken Clarke, 40 archaeologists write of their “deep and widespread concern” about the issue. It centers on the law introduced by the Ministry of Justice in 2008 which requires all human remains unearthed in England and Wales to be reburied within two years, regardless of their age. The decision means scientists have too little time to study bones and other human remains of national and cultural significance.
          “Your current requirement that all archaeologically unearthed human remains should be reburied, whether after a standard period of two years or further special extension, is contrary to basic principles of archaeological and scientific research and of museum practice,” they write.
          The law applies to any pieces of bone uncovered at around 400 dig sites, including the remains of 60 or so bodies found at Stonehenge in 2008 that date back to 3,000 BC. Archaeologists have been granted a temporary extension to give them more time, but eventually the bones will have to be returned to the ground.
          The arrangements may result in the waste of future discoveries at sites such as Happisburgh in Norfolk, where digging is continuing after the discovery of stone tools made by early humans 950,000 years ago. If human remains were found at Happisburgh, they would be the oldest in northern Europe and the first indication of what this species was. Under the current practice of the law those remains would have to be reburied and effectively destroyed.
          Before 2008, guidelines allowed for the proper preservation and study of bones of sufficient age and historical interest, while the Burial Act 1857 applied to more recent remains. The Ministry of Justice assured archaeologists two years ago that the law was temporary, but has so far failed to revise it.
          Mike Parker Pearson, an archaeologist at Sheffield University, said: “Archaeologists have been extremely patient because we wee led to believe the ministry was sorting out this problem, but we feel that we cannot wait any longer.”
          The ministry has no guidelines on where or how remains should be reburied, or on what records should be kept.
          72. According to the passage, scientists are unhappy with the law mainly because _________.
          A. it is only a temporary measure on the human remains
          B. it is unreasonable and thus destructive to scientific research
          C. it was introduced by the government without their knowledge
          D. it is vague about where and how to rebury human remains
          73. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
          A. Temporary extension of two years will guarantee scientists enough time.
          B. Human remains of the oldest species wee dug out at Happisburgh.
          C. Human remains will have to be reburied despite the extension of time.
          D. Scientists have been warned that the law can hardly be changed.
          74. What can be inferred about the British law governing human remains?
          A. The Ministry of Justice did not intend it to protect human remains.
          B. The Burial Act 1857 only applied to remains uncovered before 1857.
          C. The law on human remains hasn’t changed in recent decades.
          D. The Ministry of Justice has not done enough about the law.
          75. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
          A. New discoveries should be reburied, the government demands.
          B. Research time should be extended, scientists require.
          C. Law on human remains needs thorough discussion, authorities say.
          D. Law could bury ancient secrets for ever, archaeologists warn.
          【答案】BCDD
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发表于 2016-7-24 18:13:16 | 显示全部楼层

          12.(2011·上海卷)(B)
          Humpback whales
          Humpback whales are sometimes called performers of the ocean. This is because they can make impressive movements when they dive. The name “humpback”, which is the common name for this whale, refers to the typical curve shape the whale’s back forms as it dives.
          Sometimes the humpback will dive with a fantastic movement, known as a breach. During breaching the whale uses its powerful tail flukes to lift nearly two-thirds of its body out of the water in a giant leap. A breach might also include a sideways twist with fins stretched out like wings, as the whale reaches the height of the breach.
          A humpback whale breathes air at the surface of the water through two blowholes which are located near the top of the head. It blows a double stream of water that can rise up to 4 meters above the water.
          The humpback has a small dorsal fin located towards the tail flukes about two-thirds of the way down its back. Other distinguishing features include large pectoral fins, which may be up to a third of the body length, and unique black, and white spots on the underside of the tail flukes. These markings are like fingerprints: no two are the same.
          Humpback whales live in large groups. They communicate with each other through complex “songs”.
          Quick Facts
          Size:
          14m~18m in length
          30~50 tons in weight
          Living environment:
          Open ocean and shallow coastline waters
          Migration:
          From warm tropical (热带的) waters, where they breed, to cold polar waters, where they eat.
          Diet:
          Shellfish, plants and fish of small size
          Hunting:
          Sometimes in groups, in which several whales form a circle under the water, blowing bubbles that form a “net” around a school of fish. The fish are then forced up to the surface in a concentrated mass.
          Current state:
          Endangered: it is estimated that there are about 5000~7000 humpback whales worldwide.According to Quick Facts, a humpback whale ______.
          69. According to Quick Facts, a humpback whale _____.
          A. cannot survive in waters near the shore B. doesn’t live in the same waters all the time
          C. lives mainly on underwater plants D. prefers t work alone when hunting food
          70. To make a breach, a humpback whale must _____
          A. use its tail flukes to leap out of the water B. twist its body sideways t jump high
          C. blow two streams of water D. communicate with a group of humpbacks
          71. From the passage we can learn that a humpback whale ________.
          A. has its unique markings on its tail flukes B. has black and white fingerprints
          C. gets its name from the way it hunts D. is a great performer due to its songs
          【答案】BAA
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发表于 2016-7-24 18:20:23 | 显示全部楼层

          13.(2011·全国II)B
          For those who study the development of intelligence(智力)in the animal world, self-awareness is an important measurement. An animal that is aware(意识)of itself has a high
          level of intelligence.
          Awareness can be tested by studying whether the animal recognizes itself in the mirror, that is, its own reflected image(反射出的影像).Many animals fail this exercise bitterly, paying very little attention to the reflected image. Only humans, and some intelligent animals like apes and dolphins, have been shown to recognize that the image in the mirror is of themselves.
          Now another animal has joined the club. In the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers report that an Asian elephant has passed the mirror self-reflection test. "We thought that elephants were the next important animal," said Diana Reiss of the Wildlife Conservation Society, an author of the study with Joshua M. Plotnik and Fans B.M. de Waal of Emory University. With their large brains, Reiss said, elephants "seemed like cousins to apes and
          dolphins."
          The researchers tested Happy, Maxine and Patty, three elephants at the Bronx Zoo. They put
          an 8-foot-square mirror on a wall of the animals' play area (out of the sight of zoo visitors) and recorded what happened with cameras, including one built in the mirror.
          The elephants used their long noses to find what was behind it, and to examine parts of their bodies.
          Of the three, Happy then passed the test, in which a clear mark was painted on one side of her face. She could tell the mark was there by looking in the mirror, and she used the mirror to touch the mark with her long nose.
          Diana Reiss said, "We knew elephants were intelligent, but now we can talk about their intelligence in a better way."
          45. What can mirror tests tell us about animals?
          A. Whether they have large brains.
          B .Whether they have self-awareness.
          C. Whether they enjoy outdoor exercises.
          D. Whether they enjoy playing with mirrors.
          46. Why does the author mention apes and dolphins in the text?
          A. They are most familiar to readers.
          B .They are big favorites with zoo visitors.
          C. They are included in the study by Reiss.
          D. They are already known to be intelligent.
          47. What made Happy different from Maxine and Patty?
          A. She used her nose to search behind the mirror.
          B. She recognized her own image in the mirror.
          C. She painted a mark on her own face.
          D. She found the hidden camera.
          【答案】BDB
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发表于 2016-7-24 19:51:14 | 显示全部楼层

          14.(2011·四川卷)C
          The pound new Library of Birmingham(LoB)will be the most visible sign of the way the city is accepting the digitalization(数字化)of everyday life.
          Set to open in 2013, the £188m LoB is already beginning to tale shape next to the Birmingham Repertory Theatre, with which it will share some equipment.
          As digital media(媒介)is important to its idea. the project is already providing chances for some of the many small new local companies working at the new technologies.
          Brian Gambles, the LoB project director, says it is about giving people the right tools for learning,“The aim is to mix the physical with the digital. Providing 24-hour services which can be used through, many different ways. It is important to enable us to reach more people, more effectively.”
          The digital library will, he says, be as important as the physical one, allowing the distant use of the services, making sure that it is never closed to the public.
          Even before the LoB is complete, the public has been able to go online to visit the Virtual(虚拟的)LoB, designed by Baden, the Birmingham virtual worlds specialists. Not only have the public been able to learn about LoB, but the virtual one has also enabled those working on the LoB to understand the building and how it will work before it even opens.
          Two other small Birmingham-based digital companies are working on the LoB projects. Substrat, a digital design company, is developing what it calls an example of an “enlarged reality” project. It is about the use of an exciting smart phone, an important part of the which is the early stages of development is an online library of figures of the city being built up by a content company in Cahoots, in which users with the encouraged to add to and comment on the material.
          Gambles says: “Technology will enable us to make the library’s and services open to citizens as sever before.”
          49.The underline part “its idea” in Paragraph 3 refers to the idea of____
          A. the equipment B. the project C. the digital media D. the physical library
          50.While visiting the Virtual LoB, the public can_____
          A. get a general idea of the LoB B. meet more world-famous experts
          C. learn how to put up a library building D. understand how the specialists work on the project
          51.Which of the following is true of the LoB when it opens?
          a. It offers better learning tools
          b. It reaches users in different ways
          c. It provides users with smart phone
          d. It allows users to enrich its material
          e. It gives non-stop physical and digital services
          A. a, b, d B. a, c ,e C. b, c, d D. b, d, e 52.This ext more from .
          A. a put book B. a library guide
          C. a handbook D. newspaper report
          【答案】BA AD
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