|
发表于 2016-7-24 09:56:37
|
显示全部楼层
4.指示代词
①this和that是近指, that和those 是远指
I don’t want this book. I want that one.
②有时为了避免重复,常用that/ those 来代表前面出现过的名词
At this time of year, the weather here is much colder than that in Nanjing.
③this和that都可代表前面提到过的事情,若出现两个名词,指代前面的用that指代较后面的用this;但若指下文将要叙述事情,则只能用this,不能用that。此外,还可用于代替上文中出现过个单数或不可数名词,且后面带有of短语修饰。
Health is above wealth; this cannot give so much happiness as that.
健康胜于财富;财富不会像健康那样带来那么多幸福(句中this=wealth;that=health)
They cant afford it.That/this is their problem.
What I want you to remember is this :English is of great use.(此句中this不能用that替换)
The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Suzhou.
④such的用法
such 一般在句中作定语和主语.用作定语时,它所修饰的名词前的不定冠词应放在之后。
Such is my answer.
Such are the results of the exams.
I have never seen such beautiful flowers.
用作定语时,它所修饰的名词前的不定冠词应放在such之后such a good book。
5.相互代词
①在句中可作宾语
They help each other and learn from each other.
②加’s后成为所有格,作定语
They asked about one another’s life and work.
6.不定代词
不定代词种类较多,在使用时应注意其用法与区别。为了便于记忆我们择其重点以表格的形式列出。
不定代词
|
区 别
|
例 句
|
one, some,
any和it
|
one可以泛指人或者事(东西),其复数为ones。
|
①We’ve been looking at the houses but haven’t found ___ we like yet.
A.one B.ones C.it D.them
②Cars do cause us some health problems — in fact far more serious _______ than mobile phones do.
A.one B.ones C.it D.those
|
some可用于疑问句中,表示盼望得到肯定的答复,或者表示建议,请求等。
|
—Your coffee smells great! —It’s from Mexico.Would you like ________?
A.it B.some C.this D.1ittle
|
some 和any修饰可数名词单数时,some表示某个,any表示任何一个。
|
①I have read this article in some magazine. Please correct the mistakes, if any.
②—Which of the three ways shall I take to the village?
—________way as you please.
A.Each B.Every C.Any D.Either
|
one指同类中的一个,it指代同一种类的东西。记住下列三点区别:
①it =the /this/ my…+单数名词
one =a/an+单数名词
②it代替特定的单数名词
one代替不特定的单数名词
③one之前加上定冠词the可以表示特指,one前如有形容词修饰,之前还可以加上不定冠词,但是it之前既不能加冠词也不能加形容词修饰。
|
①—There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow ?
—No, I’d rather buy in the bookstore.
A.it;one B.one;one C.one;it D.it;it
②This film is an interesting one.
③Of all the dresses, this is the one I like best.
|
some多用于肯定句,any多用于疑问句和否定句。
|
①There’s ________cooking oil in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get ________.
A.1ittle,some B.1ittle,any
C.a little,some D.a little,any
②We had three sets of garden tools and we seemed to have no use for ________.
A.none B.either C.any D.each
③He doesn’t have _________ furniture in his room --just an old desk.
A. any B. many C. some D. much
|
each和every
|
each强调个别,代表的数可以是两个或两个以上,而every强调整体,所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。
|
①Each student has a pocket dictionary.
Each (of us) has a dictionary.= We each have a dictionary.
②Every student has strong and weak points.
Every one of us has strong and weak points.
|
all和both
|
both指两个人或物,而all指三个以上的人或物. 在句中都可作主语,宾语,表语,同位语和定语
|
①— Which of the two books will you take?
— I’ll take ____and I think ____of them is very important to me.
A. either; neither B. neither; both
C. both; either D. either; both
②—Which of those electronic dictionaries do you like most?
—____.They are both cheap and of great importance.
A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All
|
注意:both, all, each, every以及由every构成的不定代词出现在否定句中,不管否定词在前还是在后,都是部分否定:All of them don’t like music=Not all of them like music.他们并不都喜欢音乐。
要表示完全否定,需要借助neither,none ,no one ,nothing,nobody等。
Neither of them doesn’t like music.他们俩都不喜欢音乐。
None of them don’t like the music.他们都不喜欢音乐。
|
none和no
|
no等于not any,作定语。none作主语或宾语,代替不可数名词,谓语用单数,代替可数名词,谓语单复数皆可。
|
①There is no water in the bottle.
②How much water is there in the bottle? None.
③None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.
|
other和another
|
other泛指“另外的,别的”常与
其他词连用,④the other day,
every other week,
some other reason, no other way,
the other特指两者中的另外一个,复数为the others。
|
①Both sides have accused of breaking the contract.
A.another B. the other C. neither D. each
②Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam.
|
another指“又一个,另一个”无
所指,复数形式是others,泛指
“别的人或事”。
|
①We had a picnic last term and it was a lot of fun,so let’s have ______ one this month.
A.the other B.some C.another D.other
②The trousers are too long, please give me another pair
/some others.
③Some like football, while others like basketball.
|
either和neither
|
前者意思为:两者中任何一方都;
后者意思为:两者都不。
|
①—Do you want tea or coffee?
—______,I really don't mind.
A. none B. neither C. either D. all
②It was hard for him to learn English in a family,in which _____ of the parents spoke the language.
A. none B. neither C. both D. each
|
few和little;a few和a little
|
few 和little 表示没有多少,含否
定意义,而a few 和a little表示一
些,有几个,含肯定意义.另外, few
与a few修饰可数名词, little与 a
little 修饰不可数名词。
此外quite a few , quitea little意思
是“不少,相当多的”。
|
①The old man knows a little English.
②Few of them
|
|
|