高考英语写作指导(01)

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　　改写：通常情况下，改写类的写作命题可要求考生将一篇对话、留言、信件、电话记录或其他类型的语言材料改写成一篇短文。也有的试题要求考生能够根据所给的提示(汉语或英语)写一篇对话。这类试题大多要求考生将试题所提供的语言材料的主要内容，以记叙文的形式表达出来。试题可以规定考生以第几人称的形式来叙述这件事情，并且规定了一定的词数。
        　　缩写：这类命题通常要求学生将一篇较长的文章，缩写成一篇短文。这类命题通常要求学生把握原文中的主要内容，并且用自己的语言将其叙述出来。这类试题一般都会规定词数的范围。(from www.nmet168.com)
        　　续写：这类试题通常给出了一件事情或一个故事的开头，要求考生根据自己的想象，将这件事情或故事写完整，使其结构完整，情节的发展自然合理。
        　　扩写：扩写实际上是改写的一个方面。这类命题要求考生能够依据所给定的较为简短的语言材料，扩写成为一篇符合字数要求的文章。这类试题一般来讲也对文章的字数或其它的方面作出了要求。
        　　回信：这类试题所提供的材料通常是英语信件的形式，要求考生能够根据所给信件的内容及回信中必须包含的要点写一封回信。
        　　二、写作技巧
        　　1. 认真审题，把握要求。在审题的过程中，应注意把握试题所提供的条件、要求(通常以文字的形式出现)、体裁、词数、人称形式等。
        　　2. 细读材料，把握中心。一般说来，所给出的试题材料都是围绕一个中心展开的。它讲述的通常是一个小故事或小事件。这个小故事或小事件就是这我们所要表述的中心。
        　　3. 初步构思，考虑用词。在把所握文章的中心后，形成一个基本的框架，再考虑使用恰当的词语，包括恰当的短语和句型，以充分地表达文章的内容。在用词方面，应尽可能地充分利用所学的短语或句型，还应注意适当使用高级词汇、复杂的结构等，这在近年的高考阅卷过程中反复强调了这一点。
        　　4. 联词成句，组段成文。运用适当的单词或短语正确表达文章中各个要点。然后使用正确的过渡词将单个的句子来连接起来。连接时，要注意使用适当的连接词语或过渡性语句，以使语句间的联系更为紧密，过渡更加自然。
        　　5. 反复审读，修改错误。一篇文章写好后，最好进行检查，看短文中是否有错误，如拼写、用词、时态、语态及表达方面的错误。(from www.nmet168.com)

gkone

        　　改写类
        　　下面是一段对话。假如你就是其中的M。请根据对话内容，用第一人称的形式写一篇短文，说明自己受伤、进医院、缺课的经过。要求交代清楚具体的时间和地点。
        　　W：Why didn’t you go to school yesterday?
        　　M：I didn’t, but I went to the hospital instead.
        　　W：What happened to you?
        　　M：I was going to school together with Li Ming when suddenly a motor-bike ran into me and I fell down the ground. I was seriously hurt in the left leg and could hardly stand up.
        　　W：What happened later on?
        　　M：Well, Li Ming stopped a taxi and took me to the hospital. There the doctor told me that I had to stay in the hospital for some time. Then Li Ming telephoned my parents and told them what had happened.
        　　W：Did Li Ming go to school?
        　　M：Yes, he did. But I’m afraid he must have been late for class because he left the hospital at eight o’clock. But I had to stay in the hospital for a whole day before I went home in the evening with my parents. Luckily I can walk as well as before.
        　　W：I’m glad to hear that you are as well as before.
        　　M：Thank you.
        　　解题指导：通过审题，我们可以看出，本题要求考生根据所给的这段对话材料写一篇短文。要求考生以第一人称的形式改写，并且规定了文章的某些具体的内容。
        　　细读材料后，我们可以发现这段对话主要讲述的是一件“我”在上学路上被车撞了后住进医院的事情。在把握文章大意后，我们可以考虑其用词和句型。在改写这段对话时，下面这些词语或句型可能会用到：on one’s way to, knock off, as a result, hurt sb in the leg, ring sb up, not…until等。(from www.nmet168.com)
        　　范文：
        　　Yesterday morning I was going to school on foot together with Li Ming. We were talking and laughing happily on the way when a motor-bike knocked me off my bike. As a result, I was seriously hurt in the left leg and could hardly stand up. Seeing this, Li Ming jumped off his bike, put it aside, stopped a taxi and took me to the hospital at once. In the hospital, a doctor gave me a quick examination. I was told that I had to stay there for some time. So Li Ming went out and rang up my parents. He told them what had happened to me in the street. He didn’t leave the hospital until my parents arrived. I stayed in the hospital for a whole day until later in the afternoon. Luckily, I can walk as well as before now. I must thank Li Ming for his help.
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