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发表于 2016-7-24 10:52:44
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四.注意作宾语时不定式与动名词在用法上和意义上的区别
若干动词之后既可以跟动名词也可以跟动词不定式作宾语,但它们当中有些词在运用时,或是在特定的条件下有特别的用法要求,或是存在意义上的区别,列举如下:
(1)当动词need, want, require作"需要"解,且句子的主语与作宾语的非谓语动词是被动关系时,其后必须用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义,或用不定式的被动式作宾语.如:
The window needs (requires, wants) cleaning.
The window needs (requires, wants) to be cleaned.
(2)在should (would) like/love/prefer/hate后,习惯上用不定式作宾语.如:
"Can I give a lift " "No, thanks. I'd prefer to walk."
(3)在begin和start的进行式之后,要用不定式.如:
I'm beginning to learn French.
另外,当作它们宾语的动词为一些表示心理活动的识知动词时,应用不定式.如:
I began to understand the importance of English.
(4)forget, remember, go on, mean, regret, stop, try等动词后可带动名词或不定式作宾语,但意义上有较为明显的区别.试比较:
① I remember reading the book. (记得过去曾有过的经历)
I must remember to read the book. (别忘记届时去做某事)
② I'll try to improve my spoken English. (是"努力""力图"的意思)
Try knocking at the back door if nobody hears you at the front door.(是"尝试"的意思)
③ Stop talking. (动名词即停止的内容)
He stopped to talk. (不定式是停止的目的,即停下来去做某事)
④ I mean to come early today. (表示"打算")
Missing the train means waiting for another hour. (表示"意味着")
⑤ I regret not having accepted your advice. (是对已做过的事表示后悔)
I regret to say I haven't given you enough help. (表示对将要做的事表示遗憾,主要用于宣布坏消息.)
⑥ Let's go on discussing the question. (讨论的是同一个问题)
Let's go on to discuss another question.(讨论的是另外的一个问题)
五.注意不定式与现在分词作宾语补足语时的区别
1.在feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch等感官动词后作宾语补足语时,不定式为不带to的一般式的主动形式(不含be动词),表示不定式的动作已发生(即动作的全过程已结束),若强调谓语动词的动作发生时,不定式的动作正在进行,应用现在分词.如:
I often hear him sing the song.
When I passed his house, I heard him singing the song.
2.在have, let, make后的宾语补足语中, let和make不能用现在分词作宾语补足语,只有have既可跟不定式也可跟现在分词作宾语补足语,两者的区别只须记住:表示动作正在或一直在发生时用现在分词,其余的情况用不定式.如:
I won't have you speaking so rudely to me. 我不允许你这样粗暴地对我讲话.
She had us working day after day. 她让我们天天干活.
I won't have you say such things. 我绝不会让你说这样的话.
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