2011暑假必备宝典之高一英语知识点总结Unit21-22
高一英语各单元知识点总结及重难点解析Unit21-22
☆重点句型☆
1. It has been a long day. I can't keep my eyes open.
2. We can learn a lot about what a person is thinking by
watching his or her body language.
3. In many countries, shaking one's head means "no" and
nodding means "yes".
4. A way of raying "I am hungry" is patting the stomach
before a meal.
5. Unlike traditional amusement parks, theme parks often
want to teach visitors something.
6. What they all have in common is that they combine fun
with the opportunity to learn ,something.
7. Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel
what it is like to do the things they have seen their
heroes do in the movie.
8. New theme parks are being built all over the world.
☆重点词汇☆
1. unfair adj. 不公正的，不公平的
2. customer n. 顾客；主顾
3. avoid vt. 避免；消除
4. incredible adj. 难以置信的
5. manage vt. / vi. 做成(某事)；管理；经营
6. fold vt. 折叠；合拢；抱住
7. crazy adj. 疯狂的；狂热的
8. firm adj. (指动作)稳定而有力的；牢固的
9. handshake n. 握手
10. bend vt. / vi. 弯曲；专心于；屈服
11. gently adv. 轻轻地；逐渐地
12. occur vi. 发生；出现
13. focus n. (兴趣活动等的)中心；焦点
14. specific adj. 具体的；特有的
15. amusement n. 消遣；娱乐(活动)
16. souvenir n. 纪念物；纪念品
17. attraction n. 吸引人的事物；吸引(力)
18. collection n. 收集；搜集；聚集
19. thrill n. 兴奋；激动；(使)激动；(使)胆战心惊
20. minority n. 少数民族；少数
21. educate vi. / vt. 教育；培养；训练
22. conservation n. (自然资源的)保护；管理；保存
23. divide vt. / vi.分；划分；分开；隔开
24. section n. 部分；区域
25. shuttle n. 往返汽车；航天飞机
26. risk vt. 冒……的险
27. injury n. 伤害；受伤处
28. helicopter n. 直升飞机
29. achievement n. 成就；功绩
30. civilization n. 文明；歼化
31. prevent vt./vi. 防止；妨碍
32. twist n. 扭曲；盘旋 vi.扭弯；缠绕
33. imagination n. 想像(力)；空想；想像的事物
34. designer n. 设计家；制图师
35. darkness n. 黑暗；漆黑
短语闯关
下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据
汉语在横线上填人一个正确的词，每个词5分，80分才
能过关，你一定能过关，做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我
们就开始吧?
1. ahead ____ (在空间或时间上比某人、某物)更
前；更早
2. give / lend sb a ____ 给某人帮助
3. get ____ 通过；渡过；到达
4.tear ____ 弄倒某物；拆除某物
5. hold ____ 举起；拿起；举出
6. ____ a face (对某人)做鬼脸；扮怪相
7. ____ order按顺序；整齐
8. cut ____ 切掉，切断；壅然中止
9. free-fall ____ 自由落体车乘
10. ____ eye contact 避免目光接触
11. ____ to 至于……；就……来看
12. feel ____ 情绪低落；感到低沉
13. combine... ____ ... 把……与……结合起来
14. large ____ of 大量收集的
15. ____ one's way一路尖叫
16. a ____ park 主题公园
17. go ____ rides 乘车兜风
18. base...____ …以……为基础……
19. ____ a cable car乘缆车
2O. have ____ 消遣；玩得高兴
☆重点短语☆
1. give sb. a hand 给某人帮助
2. ahead of (在空间或时间上比某人、某物) 更前；更早
3. get through 通过；度过；到达；完成
4. tear down 弄倒某物；拆除某物
5. hold up 举起；拿起；举出
6. at the North Polo 在北极
7．in order 按顺序；整齐
8．cut off 切掉；切断；突然中止
9. eye contact 眼神接触
10. as to 关于；就……而言
11. hold up one's head 昂起头
12. combine...with...把……与……相结合
13. from culture to culture 从一种文化到另一种文化
14. feel down 情绪低落
15. communicate with 与……交流
16. have fun 玩耍，消遣
17. a variety of 一系列的
18. in space 在太空
19. on the ocean floor 在大洋底
20. learn about 了解
☆交际用语☆
1. Shall I help you with that?
2. Would you like some help?
3. Could you give me a hand with this?
4. Is there anything else I can do for you?
5. Could you help me with my English?
6. No, thank you. Thanks for all your help.
7. No, thanks. I can manage it mymlf.
8. That's very nice of you.
9. Excuse me, can you tell me where the roller coaster is?
10. Go straight down this road, and then turn left. Go over
the bridge.
11. Excuse me. Am I going in the right direction?
12. It's in that direction.
【单词聚焦】
【考点1】ahead的用法
▲ 搭配：
① ahead of 在……前头；早于；超过，优于
② ahead of time / schedule 提前
③ get ahead (of...) 胜过，超过
④ Go ahead! 前进，有进展，请便
⑤ look ahead (喻)为未来着想或打算，未雨绸缪
⑥ push ahead 向前进。推进
【考例1】 The other girls rushed ____
me. I felt ashamed as I fell farther and farther behind.
A. from behind B. ahead of
C. next to D. close to
[考查目标]本题考查ahead及其构成短语的用法和词
义。
[答案与解析]Bahead of 表示“在……前面”、“超
过”．可以表示时间、地点，也可以表示一些抽象意义。
9. amusement n. 娱乐，消遣，兴趣； n. 快乐的
事；娱乐(品)
The little girl looked at me in amusement.
小女孩饶有趣味地看着我。
To our great amusement, the teacher sang a funny song
in class.
老师在课堂上唱了一首滑稽的歌，令我们非常愉快。
There were lots 0f amusements at the fair.
在展览会上有许多有趣的东西。
[拓展]amusement 的动词 amuse，是及物动词，意为
“使……快乐，逗笑；给……提供娱乐”。其用法如
下：
(1) amuse sb. / oneself (with...)
Her stow amused the children greatly.
她的故事逗得那些小孩十分开心。
(2) be amused at / by / with 以……为乐
The audience was amused bv the malcician's tricks.
观众被魔术师的戏法逗乐了。
(3) be amused to do sth. 做……取乐
I was very much amused to see the seal perform its
tricks.
我被海豹的特技表演逗乐了。
【链接】表示情感的动词的用法大致相同。
be surprised at... 因……而吃惊
be surprised to do sth. 吃惊地干……
be excited at... 因……而兴奋
be excited to do sth. 兴奋地干……
be disappointed at... 因……而失望
be disappointed to do sth. 失望地干……
be pleased at... 因……而高兴
be pleased to do sth. 高兴地干……
be delighted at... 因……而高兴
be delighted to do sth. 高兴地干……
10. attract vt.
(1) (以魅力等) 吸引 (人)，引诱；引起(注意、开心)。
[构成] attract + n. 或 attract + n. + to + n. 把
(人等)吸引到……。
The concert attracted a great number of people.
那场音乐会吸引了许多人。
(2) (物理的性质) 吸引住……，构成：attract + n.。
Magnets attract iron.
磁石吸引铁。
attraction n. 魅力，吸引人之物；吸引(力)
attractive adj. 有魅力的，吸引人的，引人注目的
3. contact
(1) 接触，触碰
The Lomb explodes on contact.
那颗炸弹一触碰就会爆炸。
(2) (与人的)接触，交往，关系；联络，联系(多和
with连用)
Have you been in contact / touch with him recently?
你最近与他有来往吗?
I’ve been trying t0 get in contact / touch with you
since yesterday.
我从昨天起就一直试着与你联络。
make contact with 与……联络
[拓展]
keep in contact with = keep in touch with 与……保
持联系
come in / into contact with sb. 与某人接触．碰面
lose touch with = lose contact with 与……失去联系
(be) out of touch = (be) out of contact 失去联系，中
断联络
【考点9】detail的用法
▲ 构词：detailed adj. 详细的．逐条的
▲ 搭配：
① for further details 为了知道详细情况
② go / enter into details 详述，逐一细说
③ in detail 详细地
④ detail by detail 逐一
【考例9】 In an extraordinary ____
exposition Auckland Museum pays honor to this great
New Zealander,...
A. simple B. large
C. detailed D. great
[考查目标] 本题考查detail形容词的用法和意思。
[答案与解析]C detailed这一过去分词的意思是“详
细的”。
12. divide v.
(1) 分，分割，把……分成(若干部分)。常与into 或
from 连用。
The country is divided into 12 provinces.
这个国家划分为十二个省。
A low wall divides our garden from our neighbour's
garden.
一堵矮墙把我家的花园和邻居的花园隔开来。
(2) 分配，分发，分享。常与between，among，with连用。
The prize money will be divided among the three winners.
奖金将由三名优胜者均分。
(3) 除，除以。常与by，into连用。
15 divided by 3 is 5.
十五除以三等于五。
13. experience
(1) n. 经历，感受，体验
Child as he is, he has experienced defeat.
尽管是个孩子，但他已经经历过失败。
Our country has experienced great changes in the last
30 years.
过去三十年里，我们国家经历了巨大的变化。
(2) n. 经验
As a teacher with 5 years experience, she is good at
making friends with her students.
作为一个有五年教师工作经验的人，她擅长和她的
学生交朋友。
n. 经历，阅历
Ourjourney by camel was quite an experience.
骑骆驼旅行真是一种令人难忘的经历。
[提示] experience 的形容词为 experienced，常可构成
短语：
be experienced in / at 对……有经验
He is very experienced in planting trees.
他对种树很有经验。
[拓展] experience...as 感受……是……，其中as后
可跟形容词，分词。
The theory is experienced as very advanced.
这个理论被认为是很先进的。
1. express vt. (以言语、表情) 表达……；叙述……
[构成]express + n.或 express + n. + to sb. (对
某人表达)或 expmss + wh-从句。
His face expressed his disappointment.
他脸上浮现出失望的表情。
I can't express (to you) how encouraging your letter
was.
你的来信多么令人鼓舞，我无法用言语表达。
[拓展] express adj. 明确的；特殊的；快速的
It was her express wish that you should have her house
after her death.
她明确表示她死后会把她的房子留给你。
I came here with the express purpose of seeing you.
我特来此地看你。
an express train 快车
【考点2】manage的用法
▲ 构词：
① management n. 经营，管理，处理，操纵，驾驶，手段
② manager n. 经理，管理人员，管理器
▲ 搭配：
① manage to do sth 完成……；设法办到……
② manage with 以……设法应付
③ manage without 在没有……的情况下应付过去
【考例2】 The 22-year-old student____
to stop her by the side of the road in the winter night
and opened the trunk.
A. afforded B. wanted
C. allowed D. managed
[考查目标] 本题考查manage的词义和基本用法。
[答案与解析]Dmanage后接不定式，表示“努力并且
成功地做了某事”。
5. mean vt.
(1) (言词，事情等) 意味着……，有……的意思
[构成] mean + n. / pron. 或 mean + that 或 mean
doing sth. 或 mean + what...。
What does the word mean in this context?
在上下文中，这个词是什么意思?
The sign means (that) the road is blocked.
这个标志表示此路不通。
(2)(某人)意欲，意图，打算
[构成] mean + n. 或 mean to do sth. 或 mean sb. +
to do 或 meau sb. sth.。
We sometimes hurt people's feelings without meaning it.
我们有时会在无意中伤害别人的感情。
She said I ignored her, but I didn't mean to.
她说我忽视了她，但我并没有这个意思。
I mean her no harm. = I mean no harm to her.
我对她并无恶意。
(3)(对某人而言) 有……的意义
[构成]mean + n. + to sb. 。
His girlfriend means the world to him.
他的女朋友对他来说实在太重要，。
Fame doesn't mean much to me.
名声对我而言无足轻重。
【考点8】occur的用法
▲搭配：
① sth occurs to sb. 浮现在某人的脑海中；……被
某人想到
② It (never) occurred to sb. that... 某人(从未)想到／起
【考例8】An eclipse of the sun
____ when the moon passes between the earth and
the sun.
A. happened B. occurred
C. appeared D. rose
[考查目标] 本题考查occur的词义以及它和一些近义
词的区别。
[答案与解析]Boccur可以表示“突然发生”，但不是
意外。
6. opposite adj. 相反的；相对的，对面的；反对的
We took seats opposite to the directors.
我们坐在董事们的对面。
He and I are on opposite sides in this debate.
在这个辩论里，他和我站在相对的立场。
[拓展]
(1) opposite不但用作形容词，还用作：
n. 相反的事物，多和of连用。
Sweet and salty are opposites.
甜与咸正好相反。
(2) prep. 在……的对面
The post office is opposite the station.
邮局在车站的对面。
(3) adv. 在对面，在相反的位置
There is a bar opposite.
对面有一家小酒吧。
14. riskv.
(1) 使冒危险，作赌注
You are risking your health.
你在以你的健康作赌注。
(2) 冒……之险
He risked his parents' anger by living alone.
他冒可能惹他父母生气之险独自生活。
If you put money into the stock market, you will risk
losing it.
如果你把钱投入股市就要冒风险。
【考点10】risk的用法
▲ 搭配：
① at risk 在危险中；有危险
② at all / any risks 无论冒什么危险；无论如何
③at the risk of (= at risk to) 冒……之险；不顾；之风
险
④ at one's own risk (损失、风险等)负责自负；自担风险
⑤ run / take risks / a risk 冒险
⑥ run / take the risk of doing sth 冒险做某事
⑦ risk doing sth 冒……的危险
⑧ risk one's fortune / health / life 冒着财产／健康／性
命的风险
⑨ It's (not) worth the risk (不)值得冒这个险
【考例10】When children start smoking, they don't real-
ize that they're their health.
A. cost B. care C. risk D. keep
[考查目标] 本题主要考查 risk 作动词的用法。
[答案与解析]Crisk one's health 意为“拿自己的健康
去冒险”。
【考点4】step的用法
▲搭配：
① step in 走进；调停，排解，介入，干涉
② step this way 请这边走! 请跟我来!
③ keep step (with…) (与……)步调一致
④ in step (with...) 齐步；(和……)步凋一致
⑤ out of step (with...) (和……)步调不一致
⑥ miss one's step 失足
⑦ take steps to do sth 设法；采取措施干某事
⑧ mind / watch one's step 小心地行走；谨慎行事
⑨ step by step 一步一步地；逐步地；逐渐地
【考例4】"Look at them! They're all out
of ____ except my John! Isn't he the best!”
A. sight B. order C. mind D. step
[考查目标] 本题考查step构成的短语的意思。
[答案与解析]Dout of step的意思是“步法混乱”。
这是母亲溺爱儿子指责别人的一句话。
【考点5】tell的用法
▲搭配：
① tell sb sth = tell sth to sb 告诉某人……
② tell sb of / about sth 告诉某人……
③ tell sb to do sth 吩咐某人……
④ tell (of) 谈起／说过
⑤ tell the time (钟)报时
⑥ tell...(apart)from... 分清，区分
⑦ for what I can tell 据我所知
⑧ I (can) tell you (= let me tell you) 我敢说；确实
⑨ I told you so. 我早就跟你说过了。(意指我没说错，
你偏不听)
⑩ There is no telling. 无法知道；难以预料。
⑩ You can never tell. (=You never can tell.) 谁也不知
道；谁也没把握。
▲ 辨析：tell；inform
这组近义词的一般含义是“把某消息或某件事转达给
别人”。
tell最通用，最不正式。它的含义是“把某事告诉某
人”。它也含有给人“指示”的意思，即“叫某人做某
事”。例如：
Glancing at her scornfully, he told her that the dress
was sold. 他轻蔑地看了她一眼，告诉她说那件衣服被
卖了。
While we were waiting to land, the airhostess told us to
keep calm. 当我们等待着陆的时候，一位飞机乘务员叫
我们保持镇静。
它的含义可以是“讲述某件事”。
inform 的含义是“向某人传递信息”。虽然它可以表示
把任何别人不知道的事情说出来。以使人知晓，但是这
个词特别适用于告知所发生的情况或有关资料。例
如：
I have just received a letter from my old school infor—
ming me that my former headmaster, Mr．Reginald
Page, will be retiring next week. 我刚接到母校的一封
信，通知我说我的老校长雷金纳德?佩奇先生将于下
星期退休。
▲友情提示：inform可以用于上级对下级，也可以用于
下级对上级的通知。
【考例5】 Alice returned from the
manager's offic, ____ me that the boss wanted to
see me at once．
A. having told B. tells
C. t0 tell D. telling
[考查目标] 本题考查tell的词义和语法变化。
[答案与解析]D这是作为补充说明的现在分词短语
用法，tell在本句的句意是“告诉”。若用having told
表示的则是“前提”，而不是补充说明。
【考点3】touch 的用法
▲ 构词：touching adj. 动人的，令人同情的，令人感伤
的
▲ 搭配：
① get in touch with 和……取得联系
② keep / stay in touch with 和……保持联系 ，
③ lose touch with 和……失去联系，对……变得生疏
④ out of touch with 同……失去联系，无……的消息
【考例3】 She ____ the burned side of
her face.
A. pointed B. showed
C. wiped D. touched
[考查目标] 本题考查touch的意思。
[答案与解析]Dtouch意思是“触摸”的意思。本句的
句意是“她触摸了她滚烫的脸”。
2. vary vt. & vi. 变化，改变，变更；相异
A good driver varies the speed of his car according to
the condition of roads.
优秀的司机会依照路况变换车子的速度。
These sweaters vary in size / color.
这些毛衣有各种不同的尺寸／颜色。
Opinions on this matter vary from person to person.
对于这件事，人人意见不一。
My doctor said I should vary my diet more.
医生说我应该使日常饮食更为多样化。
[拓展]various adj. 各种各样的，形形色色的
variety n. 多变性，多样性；种种
【考点6】warn 的用法
▲ 构词：warning n. 警告；预告，通知；借鉴，反面教
材，教训
▲搭配：
① warn sb of / about sth 提醒／警告某人有……
② warn sb against sth 提醒／警告某人提防……
③ warn sb against doing sth 提醒／警告某人不要……
④ warn sb(not)to do sth 提醒／警告某人(不要)……
⑤ warn sb that-clause 提醒／警告／预先通知某人……
⑥ give sb warning 预先通知某人(特指解雇、辞职、退租
等)
⑦ without warning 突然
【考例6】 The patient was warned ____
oily food after the operation.
A. to eat not B. eating not
C. not to eat D. not eating
[考查目标] 本题考查warn的宾语补语形式。
[答案与解析]Cwarn是一个常规动词，后面接动词
的不定式形式作宾语补语。
【考点7】wish的用法
▲搭配：
① wish (sb) to do sth. 希望／想要(某人)……
② wish that-clause 但愿……(从句用were型虚拟语
气)
③ wish for 希望得到，渴望
【考例7】 We ____ each other the
best of luck in the examination.
A. hoped B. wanted
C. expected D. wished
[考查目标] 本题考查wish的词义以及它和近义词的区
别。
[答案与解析] D wish可以表示“祝愿”，后接代词(名
词)宾语，然后接名词(或形容词)宾语补语。
[牛刀小试1]
用所给单词的适当形式填空：
(ahead, vary, touch, manage, step, tell, warn, detail,
wish, risk)
1. Next I'll ask Mr. Green to give some introduction in ____.
2. The twins look the same, so I can't ____ them
from each other.
3. When I left. Tom and his father ____ in.
4. I have ____ you not to be late many times, but
you are this time.
5. This box is not heavy; I can ____ myself.
6. When we saw the film, all of us were ____.
7. Best ____ to all of you, my good friends!
8. Anyone travellingwithout apassportrunsthe
____ of being arrested.
9. Few of us knew there was a big bridge 500 meters
【短语归类】
15. cut off 切断、断绝、割掉
Many towns and villages had their water supply cut off
because there was no electricity.
由于没电，许多城市及乡村的水源被切断了。
They killed the bison, cut off the skins and left the
bodies behind to rot.
他们杀死野牛，剥去皮任其尸体腐烂。
[相关短语]
cut down 砍伐，削减，压缩
cut out 删掉，戒掉
cut short 打断，中断，缩短
cut through 穿过
We must cut down our expenses.
我们必须削减开支。
You'd better cut OUt the unimportant details of the
article.
你最好删掉文章中那些无关紧要的细节。
He cut short his tour abroad and returned home.
他缩短了国外行程，回到了国内。
In China, the Tropic of Cancer cuts through
Guangdong province.
在中国，北回归线穿过广东省。
【考点3】含cut的短语
① cut down 砍倒，减少，降低
② cut in 插话，打断
③ cut up 切碎，挫伤
④ cut off 切断，断绝，隔绝
⑤ cut through 抄近路穿
⑥ cut out 割掉，删掉
[例句] He was asking $400 for the ca, but we cut
him down to $350. 这辆汽车他要价400美元，但是我
们把价杀到350美元。
The child kept cutting in while l talked with his father.
这个小孩在我与他父亲讲话时，老插话。
The trees cuts off our view of the sea. 这些树挡住了我
们看大海的视线。
【考例3】(2005湖南) I was just talking to Margarm
when Jackson ____.
A. cut in
B. cut down
C. cut out
D. cut up
[考查目标] 此题主要考查cut短语的用法。
[答案与解析]A根据句意“我正与玛格丽特谈着话，
杰克逊突然插嘴 (cut in)了。”cut down “砍倒”，cut out
“剪下”“cut up“切碎”，均与句意不符。
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