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高三一线名师指导英语阅读理解弱项怎么破?

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发表于 2016-7-24 20:10:09 | 显示全部楼层

                                这是一种从阅读材料中挑出单词或短语,并重新解释的题型。这类词语一般具有以下特点:与文章主旨密切相关;语言文字或语法结构上有一定难度,不易理解;在特定上下文中有特殊含义。
                       
                       
                                1.词义/句义猜测题的设问特点
                       
                       
                                标志:在题干中明确指出原文中某处的单词或词组,要求辨别其意思,关键词是:
                       
                       
                                The word ". . .refers to __________.
                       
                       
                                2.正确选项的特点
                       
                       
                                (1)对于超纲词汇的正确解释,如果将它带回原文,则符合逻辑,使文章通顺易懂;
                       
                       
                                (2)对于未超纲的词或短语的正确解释,往往熟词新义,是根据上下文推测的一个特定场合的含义,对于这个例子我们可以结合下面的干扰项的特点一起来讲。
                       
                       
                                3.干扰项的特点
                       
                       
                                (1)字面意思:对于熟悉的词,干扰项会列出它的字面意思或常规含义。
                       
                       
                                (2)无关意思:除了字面意思,命题人还常用凭空杜撰出来的其他意思来干扰考生,但只要将此意思带入原文,不符合逻辑的就能够排除。
                       
                       
                                [例] Silence is unnatural to man. He begins life with a cry and ends it in stillness. In between he does all he can to make a noise in the world, and he fears silence more than anything else. Even his conversation is an attempt to prevent a fearful silence. If he is introduced to another person, and a number of pauses occur in the conversation, he regards himself as a failure, a worthless person, and is full of envy of the emptiest headed chatterbox(喋喋不休人). He knows that ninety-nine percent of human conversation means no more than the buzzing of a fly, but he is anxious to join in the buzz and to prove that he is a man and not a waxwork figure(蜡塑人像)。
                       
                       
                                73. By "the buzzing of a fly”(Para.1), the author means "              ”.
                       
                       
                                A. the noise of an insect               B. a low whispering sound   C. meaningless talks           D. the voice of a chatterbox
                       
                       
                                此段解释了人为什么老爱与他人交谈。这是因为人比其他任何东西都害怕silence.另外再结合文章的结尾:At the end of an evening during which they have said nothing meaningful for a long time, they just prove themselves to be successful conservationists.判断出此题正确答案是C.干扰项A列出了字面意思“一种昆虫的嗡嗡声”,显然不对;B项表示“一种低语的声音”也不符合逻辑(难道说话就得低语吗?);而D项表示喋喋不休的人的噪音,所以也不如C项(毫无意义的交谈)更符合上下文的意思。
                       
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发表于 2016-7-24 20:39:31 | 显示全部楼层

                                4.解题思路
                       
                       
                                (1)返回原文,结合上下文,理解该词的意思。
                       
                       
                                [例]Some children are natural-born bosses.
                       
                       
                                They have a strong need to make decisions, manage their environment, and lead rather than follow. Stephen Jackson, a Year One student, "operates under the  theory of what’s mine is mine and what’s yours is mine.” Says his mother. "The other day I bought two new Star Wars light sabers (剑) .Later, I saw Stephen with the two new ones while his brother was using the beat-up ones.”  "Examine the extended family, and you’ll probably find a bossy grandparent, aunt, uncle or cousin in every generation. It’s an inheritable trait.” Says Russell Barkley, a professor at the Medical University of  South Carolina. Other children who may not be particularly bossy can gradually gain dominance(支配地位)when they sense their parents are weak, hesitant, or in disagreement with each other.  Whether it’s inborn nature or developed character at work, too much control in the hands of the young isn’t healthy for children or the family. Fear is at the root of a lot of bossy behavior, says family psychologist John Taylor. Children, he says in his book From Defiance to Cooperation, "have secret feelings of weakness” and "a desire to feel safe.” It’s the parents’ role to provide that protection.
                       
                       
                                64.The underlined phrase" inheritable trait” in Paragraph 2 means ______.
                       
                       
                                A.inborn nature   B.developed character  C.accepted theory   D.particular environment
                       
                       
                                本文(议论文)写的是对产生儿童霸道行径的心理分析和探索。文中的第二段这样写道: "Examine the extended family, and you’ll probably find a bossy grandparent, aunt, uncle or cousin in every generation. It’s an inheritable trait.”作者通过引用教授的话,揭示了“霸道作风”是家庭成员中代代遗传下来的,而不是“发展的个性”(developed character),此题的线索在该生词的前面出现。
                       
                       
                                (2)搜索时应注意同位语、特殊标点、定语从句、(表示上下文之间的逻辑关系)关键提示词,及前后缀,特别注意找出其中的生词处于同一位置的词去推测。
                       
                       
                                [例]  The flag, the most common symbol(象征) of a nation  in the modern world, is also one of the most ancient. With a clear symbolic meaning, the flag in the traditional form is still used today to mark buildings, ships and other vehicles related to a country
                       
                       
                                The national flag as we know it today is inno way a primitive(原始的)artifact. It is ,rather, the product of thousands of years‘ development. Historians believe that it had two major ancestors, of which the earlier served to show wind direction. Early human beings used very fragile houses  and boats. Often strong winds would tear roofs from houses or cause high waves  that endangered travelers. People‘s food supplies were similarly vulnerable. Even after they had learned how to plant grains, they still needed help
                       
                       
                                from nature to ensure good harvests. Therefore they feared and depended on the power of the wind, which could bring warmth from one direction and cold from another.
                       
                       
                                72.The underlined word "vulnerable" in Paragraph 3 means _________.
                       
                       
                                A. impossible to make sure of          B. likely to be protected  C. easy to damage                     D. difficult to find
                       
                       
                                请注意该词前面的similarly(相似的)一词。说明该词在逻辑上与上文具有相同的意思。上文中提到早期人类的房屋和船非常脆弱,经不起大风大浪的考验,那么可以推出人类的食物供给也是那么相似的“不堪一击”(easy to damage),因此C为正确答案。
                       
                       
                                特别提示 不管这个词多超纲,根据上下文都能得出其意思;不管这个词多熟悉,都要通过上下文的出其在特定场合的意思。
                       
               
       
        编辑:张健
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