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2011暑假必备宝典之高一英语知识点总结Unit7-8

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  [牛刀小试1]
  用所给单词的适当形式填空:
  (wound, stop, lack, manage, free, prevent, since, re—
  member, persuade)
  1. You are ____ to express whatever you want to at
    the meeting.
  2. Do you think we'll ____ to finish the work by
    Friday?
  3. There is a ____ of skilled labour in that country.
  4. We all tried to ____ him smoking in the room.
    but he wouldn't listen t0 us.
  5. ____ to mail my letter.
  6. -- What was the party like?
  -- Wonderful. It's years ____ l enjoyed myself so
      much.
  7. The number of deaths from heart disease will be re—
    duced greatly if people ____ to eat more fruit
    and vegetables.
  8. No one can ____ the plan from being carried out.
  9. Gunmen killed two people and ____ six others in
    an attack today.
      【短语归类】
  【考点l】与as有关的短语
  ① as with sb / sth / doing 如同……一样
  ② as for 至于;就……而言
  ③ as to 关于
  ④ as far as 就……而论;据……
  ⑤ as good as 几乎已经,实际已经
  ⑥ as follows 如下
  ⑦ as a whole 总的来说
  ⑧ as a rule 一般说来,通常
  ⑨ as a / the result of 由于
  ⑩ as usual 像往常一样
  [例句] As with swimming, riding a bicycle does good to
  our health. 像游泳一样,骑自行车对我们的健康有好
  处。
  I enjoy going to the movies.But as for the theater, I
  prefer staying at home. 我喜欢看电影,但至于看戏,我
  宁可呆在家里。
  I want your advice as to what I ought to do with Mr.
  Ernest.关于怎样和俄尼斯特先生打交道,我需要你的
  高见。
  【考例1】I enjoy going t0 the movies ____ the thea—
  tres.
      A. as for    B. as with
      C. as to    D. as from
  [考查目标] 此题主要考查短语的辨义问题。
  [答案与解析]B  as from 从……时起。题意是:我喜
  欢看电影像喜欢看戏剧一样。
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  【考点2】与 chance 有关的短语
  ① take every chance 利用机会;碰运气 (=take a
    chance, take chances)
  ② by chance = by accident 偶然地;无意中
  ③ by any chance 万一
  [例句]Don't take chances by driving too fast. 不要开快
  车来冒险。
  I'll take my chance of being captured by the enemy. 我
  要冒着被敌人抓到的危险碰碰运气。
  【考例2】That's a chance I'll have to ____.
      A. make    B. take
      C. try    D. play
  [考查目标] 此题主要考查固定短语的搭配问题。
  [答案与解析]B  在take a chance 短语中,不可用其他
  动词。
  13. in case of (in case) 以防,假使
    In case of her being out, you may leave a massage.
    假如她不在家你可留张便条。
    What shall we do in case he is absent at the meeting?
    万一他不来开会我们怎么办?
    Take your raincoat, just in case.
    带上雨衣以防下雨。
    [注意](1) in case of接名词或相当于名词的成分;in
    case引导句子或单独使用,上面句子中just in case
    相当于just in case of rain。类似用法还有in this /
    that case (要是这样 / 那样的话),如:
    In that case,we will not go with you.
    要是情况是那样的话,我们就不和你一起去了。
    (2) in 与 ease 搭配也常表示“在……情况下”主要有
    以下词组:
    in any case( 在任何情况下)
    in all cases (在所有情况下)
    in a particular case (在特殊情况下)
    in some case (在某种情况下)
    in no case( 在任何情况下都不,决不)
    如:In no case, can I lend money to him.
    在任何情况下我都不会借钱给他。
  12. in honor of (in sb's honor) 为了……纪念/庆祝,对
    ……表示敬意/欢迎
    A banquet was given in honor of the visiting president.
    举行宴会欢迎来访的总统。
    A birthday party is being planned in our teacher's
    honor.
    正在为我们的老师筹划一个生日聚会。
    试比较:for the honor of... (为了……荣誉)
    He will try his best for the honor of his school.
    他会为学校的荣誉而努力。
    类似用法 in memory of (为了……纪念),如:
    The statue was built in memory of Mr. LuXun.
    这个雕塑是为纪念鲁迅先生而建的。
  14. make sure: to establish something without doubt;
      make certain 弄清楚;确保
      Make sure he writes it down.
      让他一定记下来。
      sure adj. (常与of,that连用) 确信的;肯定的
      Please make sure that the house is locked before you
      leave.
      请你确信是锁上房间后才离开的。
    I'm not sure about the practicality of their plan.
    我还无法确定他们的那个计划的可行性如何。
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发表于 2016-7-22 19:55:27 | 显示全部楼层

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    (与to连用) 一定的;必定的
    We are sure to benefit from the new timetable.
    我们肯定会得益于新的作息时间表。
    There's sure to be a fuss when the owner of the house
    finds the window's broken.
    房子的主人发现窗子被人打破时准会大吵大闹的。
    sure adv. 一定地;必定地;无疑地
    It sure was cold.
    的确是冷。
    The teacher makes sure, too, that the child gets
    enough rest and play, along with his education.
    教师还要保证每个孩子在接受教育的同时有充分
    的时间休息和游戏。
    He said he would come with his wife, and sure enough
    he did.
    他说他会带着妻子一起来的,果然他们来了。
  【考点4】make things / matters worse 使事情更糟
  ① to make matters worse = what's worse = worse still
    更糟的是
  ② what's more = besides 此外;而且
  [例句] I realized that anything I could say would only
  make matters worse. 我意识到只要我说话就会添乱子。
  It got dark, and to make things worse it began to rain.
  天黑了,更糟的是又开始下起雨来。
  ▲ 辨析:make things worse是动词短语,而to make
  matters worse是副词短语。
  【考例4】He seemed to have no desire to go there;
  ____, his clothes were not good enough.
      A. what's worse    B. what's more
      C. thus    D. therefore
  [考查目标] 此题主要考查副词在句意中的理解问题。
  [答案与解析]B  题意是:他似乎不想去那里,此外,他
  的衣服也不够好。
  【考点3】与 mind 有关的短语
  ① keep / bear / carry…in mind记住
  ② have...in mind心中在想
  ③ have a mind to do sth 打算做某事
  ④ keep one's mind on / upon 聚精会神
  ⑤ make up one's mind(s) 下决心
  ⑥ Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见,心不烦(谚语)。
  [例句] At this point I can't undertake to accept your
  suggestion,but l will keep it in mind. 在这一点上,我
  不能保证接受你的建议,但我会把它记在心里。
  Judging his achievement, we must bear in mind that hc
  has had no previous experience of this kind of work. 判
  断他的成绩时,我们要记住他以前并没有做过这种工
  作的经验。
  What do you have in mind? 你在想什么?
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  【考例3】I could see he was not telling me all be
  ____ in mind.
      A. kept    B. had
      C. carried    D. made
  [考查目标]此题主要考查短语的辨义和短语的搭配问
  题。
  [答案与解析]B  C、D两项显然错误。题意是:我能看
  出他没有把他所想的告诉我。
  【考点5】与moment有关的短语
  ① for the moment 暂时 = for the present
  ② for a moment 片刻
  ③ in a moment 不久,立刻.马上
  ④ at the moment 此时.现在
  ⑤ the moment 一……就……= the minute / instant
  [例句] We aren't going to make any change for the mo-
  ment. 我们暂时不做任何改变。
  The new couple are traveling abroad at the moment. 那
  对新婚夫妇跟下正在国外旅行。
  【考例5】(2001京、蒙、皖春招)
  -- Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed
    her?
  -- Yes, I gave it to her ____ I saw her.
      A. while    B. the moment
      C. suddenly    D. once
  [考查目标] 此题主要考查连词问题。
  [答案与解析]B  先排除C项,因为suddenly是副词,
  不能引导从句。从上下句看。所欠的钱已还过,而且
  是.一看见她就还了,所以又排除D项,因为once舍有
  条件意味。while强调一段时间。
  9. suffer from 受……苦,遭……难,患……病
    Most part of the country suffered fromthe heavy flood.
    这个国家的大部分地区遭受严重水灾。
    His mother suffers from heart trouble.
    他母亲患心脏病。
  [牛刀小试2]
  1. Nothing definite has been arranged ____ its per-
    formance.
       A. as if               B. as for
       C. as with             D. as to
  2. We will ____ a chance on the weather and have
    the party outdoors.
       A. take               B. try
       C. get                D. make
  3. I have tried to keep his advice in ____ when
     writing this book.
       A. head               B. heart
        C. mind                D. brain
  4. I don't mind picking up your things from the store.
     ____, the walk will do me good.
        A. Still               B. Worse still
        C. Besides             D. However
  5. He promised to attend to the cause ____ he
      reached the office.
        A. in a moment       B. the moment
        C. in case             D. as far as
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      ☆词语比较☆
  1. persuade, advise
    两个词都有“劝”之意,persuade表示结果,advise只
    强调动作。
    We advised (or: tried to persuade) him to stop talking,
    but hc refused.
    我们劝(试图劝服)他别谈了但他不听。
    I persuade him to stop smoking. tie now looks better.
    我劝服他戒了烟。现在他看f:去更健康了。
    [注意] persuade 表示“说服某人做/不做某事”除了
    persuade sb. to / not to do...结构,还有persuade sb.
    into doing sth. / out of doing sth. 如:
    He persuaded me into leaving soon.
    他劝服我马上离开。
  2. dead, deadly, dying
    三个词都可以作形容词,但含义各不相同。dead意
    为“死了”,反义词是alive,表示死亡状态;deadly意
    为“致命的”表示抽象意义;dying意为“临死的”。
    The dog has been dead for hours.
    这条狗死了几个小时了。
   That is a deadly snake. 这是一条致命的蛇。
    The dying man tried to my mmething.
    这个快死的人试图想说什么。
    [注意] dead,dying可在前面加 the 作名词用;deadly
    还有“死气沉沉”之意。如:
    The dead (dying) were being taken away from the
    spot.
    当时死者 (快死的人) 正从现场被抬走。
    The lecture is deadly. Many began to leave.
    演讲太沉闷了。许多人开始离开。
  3. for the moment, for a moment
    for the moment 意为“目前,暂时”,for a moment意
    为“(过)片刻,一会儿”。
    They don't plan to move for the moment.
    他们目前不想搬走。
    I will stay here for a moment. 我要在这里呆会儿。
  4. die of, die from, die for, die in
    (1) die of 意为“因……而死”,原因多为来自内部、
    情感、冻饿和生病等,如:die of hunger (a fever,
    thirst, sorrow, old age) 死于饥饿 (发烧、渴、忧伤、年
    老)
    (2) die from 意为“由于……而死”,原因通常来自外
  部,如:die from wound (lack of food, an accident, over
  work, drinking, pollution)死于外伤(缺乏食物、事
  故、过度劳动、饮酒、污染)
  (3) die for 意为了“为……而死”,如:
    The soldier died for his motherland. 他为祖旧捐躯。
    (4) die in 意为“死于……”,如:die in battle (战死),
    die greatly in debt (死于负债累累),die in office (死
    于任职期间)
  5. reason, cause, excuse, grounds
    (1) reason:理由,原因;指决定做某一件事或采取某
    一行动的理由,由此而得出结论或解释。
    The reason for my absence was that l was ill. 这儿不能
    用because引导。
    (2) cause:起因;指引起某种后果的起因。
    The cause of the accident was the fact that he was
    driving too fast.
    事故的起因是他开得太快。
    (3) excuse:辩解,借口;指为某一行为所做的解释,可
    以是真的,也可以是托词。
    Too much work is no excuse for not studying.
    工作太多不能成为不学习的理由。
    (4) grounds:根据,理由;有根据的理由。
    We have good grounds t。believe his story.
    我们有充分的理由相信他的话。
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发表于 2016-7-22 23:32:49 | 显示全部楼层

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  6. still, quiet, silent
    (1) still用作形容词,意为“静止的,不动的,平静的”。
  keep (stay) still 保持不动
  lie (stand) still 躺着(站着)不动
  a still lake / evening
  平静的湖/寂静的夜晚
    用作副词,表示“还,仍旧”,可以修饰形容词、副词比
    较级。
    be still busy 仍然很忙
    win still greater success 取得更火成功
    (2) still 侧重“一动不动”,quiet指“安静”,无动作,无
    声音,无骚乱,其反义词是noisy (吵闹的、喧哗的);
    silent 指不出声,不说话。
    对比:sit still 坐着不动
    Be quiet, and the class will begin.
    请安静,马上就要开始上课了。
    Hearing the answer, he was silent for a minute or
    more.
    听了回答之后,他沉默了一两分钟。
      ☆句型诠释☆
  1. I can became infected with HIV by swimming...
    我可能通过游泳感染了 HIV (人体免疫缺损病毒)
    ... by doing sth. “通过/以……(方式)”是个常见句
    型,在第7、8单元中大量使用,如:People transmit
    HIV by having unprotected sex, by receiving infected
    ...By staying Calm we will be...We can also prepare
    for an emergency by learning more about...We can do
    a lot...by simply asking...等必须熟练掌握。又如:
    What do you mean by saying so?
    你这么说什么意思?
    The little girl made a living by selling newspapers.
    小女孩以卖报为生。
  2. I wish that she were here with Ine and that we weren't
    sick.
    我但愿她和我呆在这儿,但愿我们都健康。
    该句wish接两个that引导的从句。wish接that引
    导的从句通常用虚拟语气,表示强烈的愿望或现实
    与事实相反,通过从句中的动词过去某种时态来表
    现。
    I wish your prngram would conic truth as soon as
    possible.
    我希望你的计划能尽快实现。
    How she wish that we had told her the news
    yesterday! (In fact we didn't tell her yesterday.)
    她多么希望我们昨天告诉她这个消息了!
  3. There were days when I wished that I were dead so
    that I wouldn't have to feel so sick.
    那些日子我多么希望我已经死了,这样我就没有必
    要忍受那么多的痛苦。
    when 这儿接一个定语从句,先行词是days。I wish
    后接虚拟语气;so that用了一个目的状语从句。
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  4. Many hospitals recommend that we use the letters DR
    ABC to remember what to do when we have to think
    fast.
    很多医院建议当我们需要快速思考的时候,我们应
    该用DR ABC来提醒我们该做什么。
    当 remmmend 后接宾语从句时,从句中通常用
    should来表示虚拟语气,should还可以省略。类似的
    动词还有suggest,advise,demand,etc.
    The teacher recommended that we (should) read the
    novel.
    老师劝我们读那本小说。
    The professor advised his little brother (should) study
    harder when he was still young.
    那位教授建议他的弟弟趁年轻应该努力学习。
  5. As with most diseases and disasters, the young suffer
    the most.
    就像大多数的疾病和灾难一样,最遭罪的是年轻人。
    as with...正如……一样,完整的句子为"As it is the
    same with..."。
    As with drawing a picture, you should be patient and
      careful in doing this job.
      正如画画一样,在做这件事时,你应该耐心细致。
    6. She might have been hit by a car.
      她也许被车撞了。
      “情态动词 + 完成时态”用来表示对某一事实的假设
      或推测,但不同的情态动词表示不同的程度,肯定
      的程度如下:
      must have done (肯定已经做了)
      may have done (可能已经做了)
      codd have done (可能已经做了)
      might have done (也许已经做了)
      [注意] (1) 这种用法通常不用must表示否定或疑
      问,而用can表示。
      He can't have finished the work.
      他肯定没有完成这项工作。
      Can you have informed her of the time for the meeting?
      你肯定通知她开会时间了吗?
      (2) shouId have done 表示后悔或责备,意为“本应该
      做了(但事实上没做)”,可根据语境判断。
      You are late again. You ____ ten minutes earlier.
      A. must have come    B. should have come
      C. could have come    D. might have come
      【解析】选B   该句表示一种责备,意为“你又迟到
  了,你本该早十分钟就到了”,其他选项均表示推测。
  7. The most important thing to keep in mind when
      dealing with an emergency is to stay calm.
      处理紧急情况时要记住的最重要的事就是保持冷
      静。
      句型中两个不定式to keep,to stay分别作定语和表
      语。
      The first thing for her to do is to tidy up the meeting
      room.
      她第一件要做的事就是整理会议室。
      What they need at preselat is to have the house painted.
  他们目前的要求就是把房子油漆一下。
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  【句型归纳】
  【考点1】1 wish that she were here with me and we
  weren't sick. 我希望她还在,我们都没有病。
  本句中,要注意动词wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气。
  其用法为:
  ①表示现存的祝愿和抱歉。从句的谓语用 be 和 were /
    was (were更为常用),实义动词用过去式。例如:
    I wish they were at home this time. 但愿他们这次在
    家。
  ② 表示对过去事情的遗憾,从句的谓语用过去完成时
    或could + 现在完成时。例如:
    I wish I hadn't hurt him so much. 真后悔伤他这么
    重。
  ③ 表示对将来事情的愿望.从句的谓语为would /
   could / might + 动词原形。例如:
    I wish I might be able to come tomorrow. 要是我明
    天能来就好了。
  【考例l】(2002上海)How I wish every family
  ____ a large house with a beautiful garden!
      A. has    B. had
      C. will have    D. had had
  [考查目标] 本题考查wish后接宾语从句的用法。
  [答案与解析]B  wish后接宾语从句表示现在的祝愿
  时,从句的谓语用be和were (was),实义动词用过去
  式。
  【考点2】It is safe to be friends with people who are living
  with HIV. 与感染了艾滋病毒的人交朋友是安全的。
  Cells either divide too fast or at the wrong time, making
  it difficult for the body to function properly. 细胞分裂要
  么过快,要么在不恰当的时间分裂。使身体机能难以正
  常运转。
  这两句中。要注意it:第一句作形式主语.作引导词用.
  句型结构为:It is + adj / n (+ for / of sb) to do sth或
  lt is + adj./ n + 从句;第二句作形式宾语用。例如:
  It's hard to translate this sentence into English. 把这个
  句子翻译成英语很难。
  It requires patience to teach children. 教小孩子需要耐
  心。
  We find it hard to deal with him. 我们觉得跟他打交道
  很难。
  【考例2】Is ____ necessary to complete the design
  before National Day?
      A. this    B. that    C. it    D. he
  [考查目标] 本题考查 it 作形式主语的用法。
  [答案与解析]C  本题中,it作形式主语, 指代后面出
  现的动词不定式to complete the design before National
   Day。而选项A中的this、选项B中的that都是指
  示代词。选项D中的he是人称代词,都不能充当形式
  主语。
  【考点3】Many hospitals recommend that we use letters
  DR ABC to remember what to do when we have to think
  fast. 许多医院建议我们,在危急时刻采用DR ABC来
  记住我们要做的事情。
  本句中,recommend后接宾语从句,从句中的谓语动词
  要用虚拟语气,即should + 动词原形,其中。should可
  省略。这种用法的动词还有:suggest,insist,advise,
  order,demand,request,propose等。例如:
  The committee has recommended that the training pro—
  gramme be improved. 委员会已经建议过培训项目得改
  进。
  I suggest (that) they (should) not drive too fast. 我建
  议他们不要开得太快了。
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  【考例3】(1994上海) Jane's pale face suggested that
   she ____ ill, and her parents suggested that she
      ____ a medical examination.
      A. be; should have    B. was; have
      C. should be; had    D. was; has
  [考查目标] 本题考查 suggest 的用法。
  [答案与解析]B  suggest是个常用动词,中学里学过
  两种含义。一是“to put forward (as a plan, thought)”
  (建议;提出),后面跟的宾语从句的谓语一般由should
  加动词原形构成,或直接用动词原形;二是"to give an
  impression of" (表明;使人认为),后面的谓语动词不用
  虚拟语气形式。此题中,编者有意将suggest的两种意
  思放在一个句子里,考生只有在理解两个suggest不同
  含义的基础上,才能正确选择从句中动词的用法。原
  句的意思是:珍妮苍白的脸色说明她病了,她的父母让
  她去查查身体。第一个suggest的意思是“表明、说
  明”,第二个suggest才有“建议、提出”的含义,所以第
  二个suggest后面的从句中的谓语要用虚拟语气结构。
  如果不理解句子的意思,只从形式去判断,很容易被选
  项A所迷惑。
  【考点4】We should never try to revive a person unless we
  know how to do it. 除非懂得如何使人恢复知觉,否则
  不要轻举妄动。
  本句中,unless意为“if...not”,引导条件状语从句,表示
  “如果不……就……,除非……”。例如:
  You will fall behind unless you work harder. 你如果不
  努力,就会掉队。
  You'll catch cold unless you put on more clothes. 你会
  感冒的,除非你多穿点衣服。
  【考例4】(NMET 2004) ____ you call me to say
  you're not coming, I'll see you at the theater.
        A. Though            B. Whether
        C. Until               D. Unless
  [考查目标] 本题考查unless引导条件状语从句的用
  法。
  [答案与解析]D  选项A中的though表示“虽然”;选
  项C中whether表示“是否”,引导名词性从句;选项B
  中的until表示“直到”;只有选项D中的unless表示条
  件,符合句意“我将在剧院等你,除非你打电话说不来
  了”。
  [牛刀小试3]
  1. The Parkers bought a new house but ____ will
     need a lot of work before they can move in. (NMET
     2001 )
        A. they              B. it
        C. one                 D. which
  2. I hate ____ when people talk with their mouths
     full. (NMET 1998)
        A. it               B. that
        C. these              D. them
  3. Parents should take seriously their children's requests
     for sunglasses ____ eye protection is necessary
     in sunny weather. (2004 上海)
        A. because            B. through
        C. unless              D. if
  4.   ____ be sent to work there? (2002 上海)
        A. Who do you suggest
        B. Who do you suggest that should
        C. Do you suggest who should
        D. Do you suggest whom should
  5. In fact ____ is a hard job for the police to keep
     order in an important football match. (2001 上海)
        A. this              B. that
        C. there              D. it
  6. The men will have to wait all day ____ the doc-
     tor works faster. (NMET 2002)
        A. if                  B. unless
        C. whether            D. that
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      【交际速成】
  【考点1】如何用英语表达祈使语气
  (NMET 1999)
  -- Alice, you feed the bird today, ____?
  -- But I fed it yesterday.
        A. do you             B. will you
        C. didn't you          D. don't you
  [答案与解析]B  这道题考查的是祈使句的反意疑问
  句。Sit down, will you? You drive the car, will you?
  这类语句俯拾即是。故只有B项正确。
  【归纳】祈使句的主语是you(听话人).通常不说出.用
  以表示请求或命令等。祈使句的谓语动词一律用动词
  原形。在英语中用来表达祈使语气常见的方式有:
  ①肯定结构,例如:
    Be careful!小心!
  ②否定结构,形式为don't…,例如:
    Don't be late!不要迟到!
    一Mother,I'm going out for a play.妈妈。我要出去
    玩。
    一Don't be long!别玩太久。
  ③用let结构,例如:
    1.et's starfwork at once.我们马上开始:J:作吧。
  ④有主语的结构.例如:
    You clean the blackboard.你去擦黑板。
  ⑤加强语气的结构,例如:
    Do come,please!请务必来!
  【考点2】怎样用英语表达喜悦或不幸的应答
  (NMET 1999)
  -- I had a really good weekend at my uncle's. -- ____.
      A.Oh, that's very nice of you
      B.Congratulations
      C.It's a pleasure
      D.Oh, I'm glad to hear that
  [答案与解析]D这道题考查的是对喜悦的应答用语。
  A项表示对别人的夸奖和赞美,英美人士一般以致谢
  表达礼貌和自信,或对别人提供帮助表示感谢;B项表
  示对别人的成功表示祝贺;C项则表示愿意为你效劳。
  根据上下文可知。对方是说“周末在叔叔家过得很开
  心”,那么应答者应替对方感到高兴。故只有D项正
  确。
  【归纳】常见的对喜悦或不幸的应答用语还有:
  ①I'm sorry to hear that.
  ②Really?
  ③I wish…
  ④lf we/they were to…we/they could…
  ⑤Is that so?例如:
  -- My mother has caught a bad cold. 我妈妈得了重感
    冒。
  -- I'm sorry to hear that. 真遗憾。
  【考点3】怎样用英语表达建议或征求对方意见
  (2002北京春招)
  -- I've got your invitation.
  -- Oh, good. ____.
        A. Can you come?     B. Thanks a lot.
        C. I'll take it.         D. May I help you?
  [答案与解析]A  此题考查交际语言中表达建议或征
  求对方意见的具体运用。A项表示“你能来吗?”,这是
  征求对方意见;B项表示“感谢”。但是没有表示邀请;C
  项则表示“我买了”。与上文不符;D项表示“有什么要
  我做的吗?”。故只有A项正确。
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